How to format your references using the WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2000) Tissue donors use their influence in deal over gene patent terms. Nature 407:821

A journal article with 2 authors

Chou K-M, Cheng Y-C (2002) An exonucleolytic activity of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease on 3’ mispaired DNA. Nature 415:655–659

A journal article with 3 authors

Karunadasa HI, Chang CJ, Long JR (2010) A molecular molybdenum-oxo catalyst for generating hydrogen from water. Nature 464:1329–1333

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gao Y, Dai X, Kang S-G, et al (2014) Structural and electronic properties of uranium-encapsulated Au₁₄ cage. Sci Rep 4:5862

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stenholm S, Suominen K-A (2005) Quantum Approach to Informatics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Kovács L, Fuhr N, Meghini C (eds) (2007) Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 11th European Conference, ECDL 2007, Budapest, Hungary, September 16-21, 2007. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

DeMaris A, Selman SH (2013) Bivariate Statistical Techniques. In: Selman SH (ed) Converting Data into Evidence: A Statistics Primer for the Medical Practitioner. Springer, New York, NY, pp 57–77

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) New Device Can Diagnose Diseases Just By Sniffing Your Breath. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-device-can-diagnose-diseases-just-sniffing-breath/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Medicaid Section 1115 Waivers: Flexible Approach to Approving Demonstrations Could Increase Federal Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Safarian Bahri P (2017) Erosion Rate Prediction Model for Levee-Floodwall Overtopping Applications in Fine-Grained Soils. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2012) Solitary Refinement: A Runner’s Quest. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2000; Chou and Cheng 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chou and Cheng 2002)
Three or more authors: (Gao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs
ISSN (print)	1651-436X
ISSN (online)	1654-1642
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Human Factors and Ergonomics Safety Research Transportation