How to format your references using the WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barnes WJP (2007) Materials science. Biomimetic solutions to sticky problems. Science 318:203–204

A journal article with 2 authors

Poliakoff M, Anastas P (2001) A principled stance. Nature 413:257

A journal article with 3 authors

d’Aignaux JN, Cousens SN, Smith PG (2001) Predictability of the UK variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic. Science 294:1729–1731

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Si Q, Rabello S, Ingersent K, Smith JL (2001) Locally critical quantum phase transitions in strongly correlated metals. Nature 413:804–808

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nakhjiri M, Nakhjiri M (2006) AAA and Network Security for Mobile Access. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Brown N, Franke W (eds) (2016) Transcendence, Immanence, and Intercultural Philosophy. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Pepe G, Kirienko M (2016) Radionuclide Imaging (SPECT). In: Ambrosini V, Fanti S (eds) PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 25–32

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) Binary math was used by Polynesians 300 years earlier than Europeans. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Airline Competition: Fares and Concentration at Small-City Airports. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Penney G (2010) Executive Fire Officers’ strategic thinking capabilities and their relationship with information and communication technology. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2016) More Protection, Rest Assured. New York Times B9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Barnes 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Poliakoff and Anastas 2001; Barnes 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Poliakoff and Anastas 2001)
Three or more authors: (Si et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs
ISSN (print)	1651-436X
ISSN (online)	1654-1642
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Human Factors and Ergonomics Safety Research Transportation