How to format your references using the WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heyde M (2013) Materials Science. Structure and motion of a 2D glass. Science 342:201–202

A journal article with 2 authors

Lowry AR, Pérez-Gussinyé M (2011) The role of crustal quartz in controlling Cordilleran deformation. Nature 471:353–357

A journal article with 3 authors

Li C-YT, Poo M-M, Dan Y (2009) Burst spiking of a single cortical neuron modifies global brain state. Science 324:643–646

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bourc’his D, Xu GL, Lin CS, et al (2001) Dnmt3L and the establishment of maternal genomic imprints. Science 294:2536–2539

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Perrin V (2013) MRI Techniques. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Haas M (ed) (2006) Management of Innovation in Network Industries: The Mobile Internet in Japan and Europe. DUV, Wiesbaden

A chapter in an edited book

Frisch W, Meschede M, Blakey R (2011) Passive continental margins and abyssal plains. In: Meschede M, Blakey RC (eds) Plate Tectonics: Continental Drift and Mountain Building. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 43–57

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs.

Blog post

Fang J (2016) Large Animals Suffer The Highest Trade-Driven Extinction Risk. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/large-animals-suffer-the-highest-tradedriven-extinction-risk/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) Industrial Policy: Case Studies in the Japanese Experience. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith MP (2009) De la página a la pantalla: Memoria de la Guerra Civil española en la narrativa contemporánea. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fernandez M, Pérez-Peña R (2015) Fraternity Vows Broader Look Into Use of Racist Chant. New York Times A14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heyde 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Lowry and Pérez-Gussinyé 2011; Heyde 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lowry and Pérez-Gussinyé 2011)
Three or more authors: (Bourc’his et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs
ISSN (print)	1651-436X
ISSN (online)	1654-1642
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Human Factors and Ergonomics Safety Research Transportation