How to format your references using the WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Huybers P (2011) Combined obliquity and precession pacing of late Pleistocene deglaciations. Nature 480:229–232

A journal article with 2 authors

Rosegrant MW, Cline SA (2003) Global food security: challenges and policies. Science 302:1917–1919

A journal article with 3 authors

Burrone J, O’Byrne M, Murthy VN (2002) Multiple forms of synaptic plasticity triggered by selective suppression of activity in individual neurons. Nature 420:414–418

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Carmi R, Polturak E, Koren G, Auerbach A (2000) Spontaneous macroscopic magnetization at the superconducting transition temperature of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta). Nature 404:853–855

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carter M, Bentley SP (2016) Soil Properties and their Correlations. John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Lindsay SJ (ed) (2016) Light Metals 2011. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Wagner RD (2008) Effects of Microbiota on GI Health: Gnotobiotic Research. In: Huffnagle GB, Noverr MC (eds) GI Microbiota and Regulation of the Immune System. Springer, New York, NY, pp 41–56

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) New Species Of Pitviper Discovered After A Century Of Misidentification. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-species-of-pitviper-discovered-after-a-century-of-misidentification/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Charter Bus Service: Local Factors Determine Effectiveness of Federal Regulation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lauterbach JR (2017) Golf in the Collective: Playing in Liminal Space. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gant K (2011) Quotation of the Day. New York Times A3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Huybers 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Rosegrant and Cline 2003; Huybers 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rosegrant and Cline 2003)
Three or more authors: (Carmi et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs
ISSN (print)	1651-436X
ISSN (online)	1654-1642
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Human Factors and Ergonomics Safety Research Transportation