How to format your references using the Wildlife Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Wildlife Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wadman, M. 2000. Republican candidates clash on fetal tissue in research. - Nature 403: 694.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hinton, G. E. and Salakhutdinov, R. R. 2006. Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks. - Science 313: 504–507.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wolf, S. M., Annas, G. J. and Elias, S. 2013. Point-counterpoint. Patient autonomy and incidental findings in clinical genomics. - Science 340: 1049–1050.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, H.-M., Lee, D.-Y., Choi, M. S., Qu, D., Liu, X., Ra, C.-H. and Yoo, W. J. 2014. Metal-semiconductor barrier modulation for high photoresponse in transition metal dichalcogenide field effect transistors. - Sci. Rep. 4: 4041.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ventre, D. 2016. Information Warfare. - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

2015. Mega Transport Infrastructure Planning: European Corridors in Local-Regional Perspective (S Fabbro, Ed.). - Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Mongini, C. 2015. Morphogenesis Under Construction: Tracing the Process of Individuation Along Physico-Aesthetic Coordinates. - In: Sarti, A. et al. (eds), Morphogenesis and Individuation. Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis. Springer International Publishing, pp. 75–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Wildlife Biology.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2016. Clean Energy Sources Provided Up To 50% Of The UK’s Electricity This Summer. - IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1990. Tax Policy: Uncertain Impact of Repealing the Deferral for Reinvested Shipping Income.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Osterhout, H. L. 2010. No More “Mad Money”: Salvaging the Commander’s Emergency Response Program.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnston, K. 2011. Quotation of the Day. - New York Times: A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wadman 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Wadman 2000, Hinton and Salakhutdinov 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hinton and Salakhutdinov 2006)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Wildlife Biology
Abbreviation	Wildlife Biol.
ISSN (print)	0909-6396
ISSN (online)	1903-220X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation