How to format your references using the Wildlife Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Wildlife Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bianchi, D. W. 2015. Pregnancy: Prepare for unexpected prenatal test results. - Nature 522: 29–30.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clubb, R. and Mason, G. 2003. Animal welfare: captivity effects on wide-ranging carnivores. - Nature 425: 473–474.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wuchty, S., Jones, B. F. and Uzzi, B. 2007. The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge. - Science 316: 1036–1039.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Goodridge, H. S., Reyes, C. N., Becker, C. A., Katsumoto, T. R., Ma, J., Wolf, A. J., Bose, N., Chan, A. S. H., Magee, A. S., Danielson, M. E., Weiss, A., Vasilakos, J. P. and Underhill, D. M. 2011. Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a “phagocytic synapse.” - Nature 472: 471–475.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bernatz, R. A. 2010. Fourier Series and Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations. - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

2012. Simulated Evolution and Learning: 9th International Conference, SEAL 2012, Hanoi, Vietnam, December 16-19, 2012. Proceedings (LT Bui, YS Ong, NX Hoai, H Ishibuchi, and PN Suganthan, Eds.). - Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Eralp, L. and Eren, İ. 2015. Knee Arthrodesis with Monolateral External Fixator for the Treatment of Infected Knee Arthroplasty. - In: Kocaoğlu, M. et al. (eds), Advanced Techniques in Limb Reconstruction Surgery. Springer, pp. 101–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Wildlife Biology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2015. “Oscars Of Science” Awarded At Star-Studded Awards Ceremony. - IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2012. Information Technology Reform: Progress Made; More Needs to Be Done to Complete Actions and Measure Results.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fischer, D. 2012. Psychology and people living with hiv/aids: A critical review of the literature.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. 2010. Tolstoy Recalled Fondly in Chechen Museum. - New York Times: C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bianchi 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Clubb and Mason 2003, Bianchi 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Clubb and Mason 2003)
Three or more authors: (Goodridge et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Wildlife Biology
Abbreviation	Wildlife Biol.
ISSN (print)	0909-6396
ISSN (online)	1903-220X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation