How to format your references using the Wiener klinische Wochenschrift citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Bollinger JJ. Metrology: filtering noise with a quantum probe. Nature. 2011;473:39–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Fernandez JM, Li H. Force-clamp spectroscopy monitors the folding trajectory of a single protein. Science. 2004;303:1674–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Nahm H-H, Park CH, Kim Y-S. Bistability of hydrogen in ZnO: origin of doping limit and persistent photoconductivity. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4124.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Niessing J, Ebisch B, Schmidt KE, Niessing M, Singer W, Galuske RAW. Hemodynamic signals correlate tightly with synchronized gamma oscillations. Science. 2005;309:948–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Frantzen AJ. Anglo-Saxon Keywords. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Alapati SR. Oracle Database 11g: New Features for DBAs and Developers. Kim C, editor. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lenzen C, Locher T, Sommer P, Wattenhofer R. Clock Synchronization: Open Problems in Theory and Practice. In: Leeuwen J van, Muscholl A, Peleg D, Pokorný J, Rumpe B, editors. SOFSEM 2010: Theory and Practice of Computer Science: 36th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, Špindlerův Mlýn, Czech Republic, January 23-29, 2010 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 61–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Despite The Headlines, Dementia Epidemic May Not Actually Be Getting Worse [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/despite-headlines-dementia-epidemic-may-not-actually-be-getting-worse/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Title I Formula in S. 1513. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Jun. Report No.: HEHS-94-190R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Casaburi JD. Wildfire-traversal of network address translation routers to provide end-to-end connectivity to firewalled hosts [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pilon M, Belson K. Open Is Drawing Record Crowds, but Fans Are Feeling the Squeeze. New York Times. 2012 Sep 4;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
Abbreviation	Wien. Klin. Wochenschr.
ISSN (print)	0043-5325
ISSN (online)	1613-7671
Scope	General Medicine