How to format your references using the Welding International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Welding International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Harrison T. Anthropology. Apes among the tangled branches of human origins. Science. 2010;327:532–534.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Stroebel D, Paoletti P. Neuroscience: A structure to remember. Nature. 2014;511:162–163.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Law RM, Matear RJ, Francey RJ. Comment on “Saturation of the southern ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change.” Science. 2008;319:570; author reply 570.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Hu L, Zhang Y, Hong M, et al. Phylogenetic evidence for multiple intertypic recombinations in enterovirus B81 strains isolated in Tibet, China. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6035.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Levander CF. Where is American Literature? Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Abraham D, Handler C, Dashwood M, et al., editors. Translational Vascular Medicine: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. London: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Mackay AL. Food for Thought. In: Hargittai B, Hargittai I, editors. Culture of Chemistry: The Best Articles on the Human Side of 20th-Century Chemistry from the Archives of the Chemical Intelligencer. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2015. p. 29–30.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Welding International.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Male Sparrows With Unfaithful Partners Feed Their Young Less Food. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Transportation: Status of GAO’s Open Recommendations on Transportation Policies and Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991. Report No.: RCED-91-112. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Simmons-Johnson N. The path to graduation: A model interactive Web site design supporting doctoral students [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Otis J. Eritrean Couple’s Reunion, Decades in the Making. New York Times. 2016 Nov 23;A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Welding International
Abbreviation	Weld. Int.
ISSN (print)	0950-7116
ISSN (online)	1754-2138
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Metals and Alloys