How to format your references using the Web Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Web Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Antonelli, A.: Biodiversity: Multiple origins of mountain life, Nature, 524, 300–301, 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vabulas, R. M. and Hartl, F. U.: Protein synthesis upon acute nutrient restriction relies on proteasome function, Science, 310, 1960–1963, 2005.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reber, M., Burrola, P., and Lemke, G.: A relative signalling model for the formation of a topographic neural map, Nature, 431, 847–853, 2004.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Kiernan, A. E., Pelling, A. L., Leung, K. K. H., Tang, A. S. P., Bell, D. M., Tease, C., Lovell-Badge, R., Steel, K. P., and Cheah, K. S. E.: Sox2 is required for sensory organ development in the mammalian inner ear, Nature, 434, 1031–1035, 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoffmann, K.: System Integration, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

Matthews, R. (Ed.): What is to Be Done About Crime and Punishment?: Towards a “Public Criminology,” Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, XV, 324 p pp., 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Kurguzkin, M.: Evaluation of State of Environment and Monitoring of Hazardous Facilities, in: Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons, edited by: Kolodkin, V. M. and Ruck, W., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 41–44, 2006.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Web Ecology.

Blog post

Semi-Synthetic Organism Uses New DNA Bases:

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Longer Combination Trucks: Driver Controls and Equipment Inspection Should Be Improved, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Potter, R. H.: Marx Generator Charged via Biperiodic Resonant Cascaded Transformers, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M.: She Never Outgrew These Shoes, New York Times, 13th May, E6, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Antonelli, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Antonelli, 2015; Vabulas and Hartl, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vabulas and Hartl, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Kiernan et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Web Ecology
Abbreviation	Web Ecol.
ISSN (print)	2193-3081
ISSN (online)	1399-1183
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology