How to format your references using the Web Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Web Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ward, B. B.: Oceans. How nitrogen is lost, Science, 341, 352–353, 2013.

A journal article with 2 authors

Padilla, A. and Gibson, I.: Science moves to centre stage, Nature, 403, 357–359, 2000.

A journal article with 3 authors

Snyder, A., Pamer, E., and Wolchok, J.: IMMUNOTHERAPY. Could microbial therapy boost cancer immunotherapy?, Science, 350, 1031–1032, 2015.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Rassoulzadegan, M., Grandjean, V., Gounon, P., Vincent, S., Gillot, I., and Cuzin, F.: RNA-mediated non-mendelian inheritance of an epigenetic change in the mouse, Nature, 441, 469–474, 2006.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paterson, S. and Tobias, K.: Atlas of ear diseases of the dog and cat, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., West Sussex, UK, 2012.

An edited book

Hasenhuettl, G. L. and Hartel, R. W. (Eds.): Food Emulsifiers and Their Applications: Second Edition, Springer, New York, NY, XIV, 426 p pp., 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Timilsina, G. R.: Economic Impacts of Biofuels, in: The Impacts of Biofuels on the Economy, Environment, and Poverty: A Global Perspective, edited by: Timilsina, G. R. and Zilberman, D., Springer, New York, NY, 65–77, 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Web Ecology.

Blog post

Diving For Treasure To Help Protect The World’s Great Reefs:

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: NASA: Challenges in Completing and Sustaining the International Space Station, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhang, Y.: A Grant Proposal for Mindfulness-Based Self-Care Training for Child Welfare Workers, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tabuchi, H.: Kochs’ Strategy to Court Allies: Gospel and Gas, New York Times, 5th January, A1, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ward, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Padilla and Gibson, 2000; Ward, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Padilla and Gibson, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Rassoulzadegan et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Web Ecology
Abbreviation	Web Ecol.
ISSN (print)	2193-3081
ISSN (online)	1399-1183
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology