How to format your references using the Water Science and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Science and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Standfuss, J., 2015. Structural biology. Viral chemokine mimicry. Science 347, 1071–1072.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ghosh, A., Holt, W.E., 2012. Plate motions and stresses from global dynamic models. Science 335, 838–843.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, A., Kurdistani, S.K., Grunstein, M., 2002. Requirement of Hos2 histone deacetylase for gene activity in yeast. Science 298, 1412–1414.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sun, Q.-Q., Wang, L.-H., Yang, W., Zhou, P., Wang, P.-F., Ding, S.-J., Zhang, D.W., 2013. Atomic scale investigation of a graphene nano-ribbon based high efficiency spin valve. Sci. Rep. 3, 2921.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Staebler, P., 2017. Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Kumar, R., Sivakumar, D. (Eds.), 2010. Algorithms and Models for the Web-Graph: 7th International Workshop, WAW 2010, Stanford, CA, USA, December 13-14, 2010. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Pólya, G., Tarjan, R.E., Woods, D.R., 2010. Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion, in: Tarjan, R.E., Woods, D.R. (Eds.), Notes on Introductory Combinatorics. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, pp. 32–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Science and Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. The Chameleon Field: Will We Ever Find This “Fifth Force”? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/physics/chameleon-field-will-we-ever-find-fifth-force/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1979. Assessing the Output of Federal Commercially Directed R&D (No. PAD-79-69). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stuart, K., 2013. The Relationship Between Weather and Lunar Changes on Student Achievement and Measures School Districts Utilize to Combat Potential Impact (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B., 2017. An Upstart Relishes, and Rues, a Showcase. New York Times B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Standfuss, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Ghosh and Holt, 2012; Standfuss, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ghosh and Holt, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Sun et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Science and Engineering
Abbreviation	Water Sci. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1674-2370
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Ocean Engineering