How to format your references using the Water Science and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Science and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Patel, A.D., 2008. Science & music: talk of the tone. Nature 453, 726–727.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mettetal, J.T., van Oudenaarden, A., 2007. Microbiology. Necessary noise. Science 317, 463–464.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tarduno, J.A., Cottrell, R.D., Smirnov, A.V., 2001. High geomagnetic intensity during the mid-Cretaceous from Thellier analyses of single plagioclase crystals. Science 291, 1779–1783.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Weijers, J.W.H., Schefuss, E., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., 2007. Coupled thermal and hydrological evolution of tropical Africa over the last deglaciation. Science 315, 1701–1704.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gladon, R.J., Graves, W.R., Kelly, J.M., 2011. Getting Published in the Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Dib, N., Taylor, D.A., Diethrich, E.B. (Eds.), 2006. Stem Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering for Cardiovascular Repair: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Ugurlu, T., Zeitler, A., Kheyrollahi, A., 2013. HttpClient, in: Zeitler, A., Kheyrollahi, A. (Eds.), Pro ASP.NET Web API: HTTP Web Services in ASP.NET. Apress, Berkeley, CA, pp. 75–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Science and Engineering.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. How The Brightest Supernovae Become Superluminous [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2002. Airport Finance: Using Airport Grant Funds for Security Projects Has Affected Some Development Projects (No. GAO-03-27). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nye, K.M., 2010. Crème de Pêche (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmitt, E., Bradsher, K., 2017. After Pair of Crashes in 2 Months, Navy Will Pause for Safety Check. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Patel, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Mettetal and van Oudenaarden, 2007; Patel, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mettetal and van Oudenaarden, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Weijers et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Science and Engineering
Abbreviation	Water Sci. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1674-2370
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Ocean Engineering