How to format your references using the Water Science and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Science and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jardine, M., 2010. Astronomy. Sunscreen for the young Earth. Science 327, 1206–1207.

A journal article with 2 authors

Erdélyi, R., Fedun, V., 2007. Are there Alfvén waves in the solar atmosphere? Science 318, 1572–1574.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grottoli, A.G., Rodrigues, L.J., Palardy, J.E., 2006. Heterotrophic plasticity and resilience in bleached corals. Nature 440, 1186–1189.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pennekamp, F., Pontarp, M., Tabi, A., Altermatt, F., Alther, R., Choffat, Y., Fronhofer, E.A., Ganesanandamoorthy, P., Garnier, A., Griffiths, J.I., Greene, S., Horgan, K., Massie, T.M., Mächler, E., Palamara, G.M., Seymour, M., Petchey, O.L., 2018. Biodiversity increases and decreases ecosystem stability. Nature 563, 109–112.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Marcus, Y., 2012. Supercritical Water. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Beckert, B., Damiani, F., Boer, F.S. de, Bonsangue, M.M. (Eds.), 2013. Formal Methods for Components and Objects: 10th International Symposium, FMCO 2011, Turin, Italy, October 3-5, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Goto, K., Sasaki, Y., Hara, T., Nishio, S., 2014. A Mobile Agents Control Scheme for Multiple Sinks in Dense Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks, in: Stojmenovic, I., Cheng, Z., Guo, S. (Eds.), Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking, and Services: 10th International Conference, MOBIQUITOUS 2013, Tokyo, Japan, December 2-4, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 52–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Science and Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. How A One Night Stand In The Ice Age Affects Us All Today [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-one-night-stand-ice-age-affects-us-all-today/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2015. Space Acquisitions: GAO Assessment of DOD Responsive Launch Report (No. GAO-16-156R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McAvoy, D.L., 2012. Coming of age with Shakespeare: The convergence of American youth culture and high culture since the 1980s (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, M., 2017. Alexei Ratmansky Plans New ‘Harlequinade.’ New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jardine, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Erdélyi and Fedun, 2007; Jardine, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Erdélyi and Fedun, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Pennekamp et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Science and Engineering
Abbreviation	Water Sci. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1674-2370
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Ocean Engineering