How to format your references using the Water Science and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Science and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gewin, V., 2003. In search of the élite. Nature 426, 713–717.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rehwinkel, J., Reis e Sousa, C., 2010. RIGorous detection: exposing virus through RNA sensing. Science 327, 284–286.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhao, Y., Tong, C., Jiang, J., 2007. Hedgehog regulates smoothened activity by inducing a conformational switch. Nature 450, 252–258.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Frank, K.T., Petrie, B., Choi, J.S., Leggett, W.C., 2005. Trophic cascades in a formerly cod-dominated ecosystem. Science 308, 1621–1623.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anandharamakrishnan, C., Ishwarya, S.P., 2015. Spray Drying Techniques for Food Ingredient Encapsulation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Burke, E., Trick, M. (Eds.), 2005. Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling V: 5th International Conference, PATAT 2004, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, August 18-20, 2004, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Gerber, J., Arms, H., Wiecher, M., Danner, C., 2014. Flexibility Surprises – Its Significance and Its Value, in: Arms, H., Wiecher, M., Danner, C. (Eds.), Leveraging Flexibility: Win the Race with Dynamic Decision Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 56–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Science and Engineering.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. Dinosaurs Took Part In Mass Exodus From Europe As Pangaea Fragmented [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. Highway Infrastructure: Federal-State Partnership Produces Benefits and Poses Oversight Risks (No. GAO-12-474). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gokhin, D.S., 2009. Structural and functional roles of nebulin in skeletal muscle (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2008. Home-Style Colombian. New York Times 14NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gewin, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Gewin, 2003; Rehwinkel and Reis e Sousa, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rehwinkel and Reis e Sousa, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Frank et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Science and Engineering
Abbreviation	Water Sci. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1674-2370
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Ocean Engineering