How to format your references using the Water Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Noonan, J., 2010. Journal club. An evolutionary geneticist looks at how small genetic changes can have big evolutionary effects. Nature 465, 13.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gibson, D.G., Venter, J.C., 2014. Synthetic biology: Construction of a yeast chromosome. Nature 509, 168–169.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen, J., Rashid, T., Feng, G., 2014. Esterase in imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and S. richteri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): activity, kinetics and variation. Sci. Rep. 4, 7112.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fukatsu, A., Kondo, M., Okamura, M., Yoshida, M., Masaoka, S., 2014. Electrochemical response of metal complexes in homogeneous solution under photoirradiation. Sci. Rep. 4, 5327.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Agachi, P.Ş., Nagy, Z.K., Cristea, M.V., Imre-Lucaci, Á., 2006. Model Based Control. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Keohane, N.O., 2016. Markets and the Environment. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, Washington, DC.

A chapter in an edited book

Schanzenberger, A., Lawrence, D.R., Kirsche, T., 2005. Enhancing Project Management for Periodic Data Production Management, in: Meersman, R., Tari, Z., Herrero, P. (Eds.), On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM 2005 Workshops: OTM Confederated Internationl Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, GADA, MIOS+INTEROP, ORM, PhDS, SeBGIS, SWWS, and WOSE 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus, October 31 - November 4, 2005. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 9–11.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Research.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2017. We Are Now In “Uncharted Territory” As Climate Change Continues Into 2017 [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2002. Telecommunications: History and Current Issues Related to Radio Spectrum Management (No. GAO-02-814T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Croghan, A., 2014. The Effects of Depressive Symptomatology, Intrusive Thinking, and Age on Cognitive Functioning (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum, M.M., Steel, E., 2017. Hannity Defends Fox News Leader. New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Noonan, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Gibson and Venter, 2014; Noonan, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gibson and Venter, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Fukatsu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Research
Abbreviation	Water Res.
ISSN (print)	0043-1354
Scope	Ecological Modelling Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology