How to format your references using the Water Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scully, T., 2012. Demography: To the limit. Nature 492, S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Feldman, D.E., Brecht, M., 2005. Map plasticity in somatosensory cortex. Science 310, 810–815.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shi, Y., Evans, J.E., Rock, K.L., 2003. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature 425, 516–521.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gerardot, B.D., Brunner, D., Dalgarno, P.A., Ohberg, P., Seidl, S., Kroner, M., Karrai, K., Stoltz, N.G., Petroff, P.M., Warburton, R.J., 2008. Optical pumping of a single hole spin in a quantum dot. Nature 451, 441–444.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

George, M.D., Donley, T.G., Preshaw, P.M., 2014. Ultrasonic Periodontal Debridement. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Broadhead, A., 2007. English for Personal Assistants: The essential handbook for doing business internationally. Gabler, Wiesbaden.

A chapter in an edited book

Joó, B., Kalamkar, D.D., Vaidyanathan, K., Smelyanskiy, M., Pamnany, K., Lee, V.W., Dubey, P., Watson, W., 2013. Lattice QCD on Intel® Xeon PhiTM Coprocessors, in: Kunkel, J.M., Ludwig, T., Meuer, H.W. (Eds.), Supercomputing: 28th International Supercomputing Conference, ISC 2013, Leipzig, Germany, June 16-20, 2013. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 40–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2015. China Wants To Build A Lunar Base On The Far Side Of The Moon [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. Digital Broadcast Television Transition: Several Challenges Could Arise in Administering a Subsidy Program for DTV Equipment (No. GAO-05-623T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parisi, J., 2012. Correlation of Conditional Admittance and Student Achievement in an Undergraduate Higher Education Setting (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L., 2008. Playing in Cooperstown, On a Team of Their Own. New York Times LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Scully, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Feldman and Brecht, 2005; Scully, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Feldman and Brecht, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Gerardot et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Research
Abbreviation	Water Res.
ISSN (print)	0043-1354
Scope	Ecological Modelling Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology