How to format your references using the Water Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dehant, V., 2003. Planetary science. A liquid core for Mars? Science 300, 260–261.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kreitzer, A.C., Malenka, R.C., 2007. Endocannabinoid-mediated rescue of striatal LTD and motor deficits in Parkinson’s disease models. Nature 445, 643–647.

A journal article with 3 authors

Panday, V., Tiest, W.M.B., Kappers, A.M.L., 2014. Integration of length and curvature in haptic perception. Sci. Rep. 4, 3856.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang, D.-L., Wu, J., Shah, B.N., Greutélaers, K.C., Ghosh, M.C., Ollivierre, H., Su, X.-Z., Thuma, P.E., Bedu-Addo, G., Mockenhaupt, F.P., Gordeuk, V.R., Rouault, T.A., 2018. Erythrocytic ferroportin reduces intracellular iron accumulation, hemolysis, and malaria risk. Science 359, 1520–1523.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Todeschini, R., Baccini, A., 2016. Handbook of Bibliometric Indicators. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Ni, Y.-Q., Ye, X.-W. (Eds.), 2012. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on High-Speed and Intercity Railways: Volume 1, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Bentini, G.G., Chiarini, M., 2012. Integrated Optical Microsystems for Interferometric Analytics, in: Fritzsche, W., Popp, J. (Eds.), Optical Nano- and Microsystems for Bioanalytics, Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 103–153.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Plans For A Futuristic, Atlantis-Style Underwater City Unveiled [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Mass Transit Grants: Scarce Federal Funds Misused in UMTA’s Philadelphia Region (No. RCED-91-107). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ryan, H.L., 2009. Normalizing happiness: The rhetoric of depression in Direct -to -Consumer advertising (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J., 2017. Big Ideas and Short-Term Stays. New York Times C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dehant, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Dehant, 2003; Kreitzer and Malenka, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kreitzer and Malenka, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Research
Abbreviation	Water Res.
ISSN (print)	0043-1354
Scope	Ecological Modelling Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology