How to format your references using the Water citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ludvigsson, J.F. Recruiters and Academia. Hard Times for Swedish Physician-Researchers. Nature 2005, 434, 542.

A journal article with 2 authors

Groves, J.T.; Boaz, N.C. Biochemistry. Fishing for Peroxidase Protons. Science 2014, 345, 142–143.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bao, H.; Yu, S.; Tong, D.Q. Massive Volcanic SO(2) Oxidation and Sulphate Aerosol Deposition in Cenozoic North America. Nature 2010, 465, 909–912.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang, J.; Huang, W.; Chua, S.S.; Wei, P.; Moore, D.D. Modulation of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity by the Xenobiotic Receptor CAR. Science 2002, 298, 422–424.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carroll, J.M.; Bowyer-Crane, C.; Duff, F.J.; Hulme, C.; Snowling, M.J. Developing Language and Literacy; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2011; ISBN 9780470977460.

An edited book

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment; Boos, N., Aebi, M., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; ISBN 9783540405115.

A chapter in an edited book

Yu, M.-H.; Li, J.-C. Non-Smooth Multi-Surface Plasticity. In Computational Plasticity: With Emphasis on the Application of the Unified Strength Theory; Li, J.-C., Ed.; Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012; pp. 129–161 ISBN 9783642245893.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water.

Blog post

Hale, T. This Woman Lived Without Lungs For Six Days (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Ed-Flex Program: Increase in Flexibility Useful but Limited by Scope of Waiver Authority; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1999;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bottorff, A.K. Evaluating Summer School Programs and the Effect on Student Achievement: The Correlation between Stanford-10 Standardized Test Scores and Two Different Summer Programs. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University: St. Charles, MO, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. Channeling Anger Into Music in a Summer of Discontent. New York Times 2017, C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Water
Abbreviation	Water (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2073-4441
Scope	Aquatic Science Biochemistry Water Science and Technology Geography, Planning and Development