How to format your references using the Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tittel, W. (2015). Quantum physics: Teleportation for two. Nature, 518(7540), 491–492.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sneden, C., & Cowan, J. J. (2003). Genesis of the heaviest elements in the Milky Way Galaxy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5603), 70–75.

A journal article with 3 authors

Puliga, M., Caldarelli, G., & Battiston, S. (2014). Credit Default Swaps networks and systemic risk. Scientific Reports, 4, 6822.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sciaini, G., Harb, M., Kruglik, S. G., Payer, T., Hebeisen, C. T., zu Heringdorf, F.-J. M., Yamaguchi, M., Horn-von Hoegen, M., Ernstorfer, R., & Miller, R. J. D. (2009). Electronic acceleration of atomic motions and disordering in bismuth. Nature, 458(7234), 56–59.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ohshima, H. (2010). Biophysical Chemistry of Biointerfaces. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Thampi, S. M., Zomaya, A. Y., Strufe, T., Alcaraz Calero, J. M., & Thomas, T. (Eds.). (2012). Recent Trends in Computer Networks and Distributed Systems Security: International Conference, SNDS 2012, Trivandrum, India, October 11-12, 2012. Proceedings (Vol. 335). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gkoulalas-Divanis, A., & Verykios, V. S. (2010). Other Knowledge Hiding Methodologies. In V. S. Verykios (Ed.), Association Rule Hiding for Data Mining (pp. 21–24). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, May 16). Woman Taken To Hospital With Shark Still Attached To Her Arm. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2013). Coast Guard: Clarifying the Application of Guidance for Common Operational Picture Development Would Strengthen Program (GAO-13-321). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powell, B. D. (2009). An ethnographic case study of teachers who are alumni of the private day school for boys in which they teach [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, T., & Fernandez, M. (2016, September 21). Victim Posed No Threat to Police, Family Says. New York Times, A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tittel, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Sneden & Cowan, 2003; Tittel, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sneden & Cowan, 2003)
Three authors: (Puliga et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Sciaini et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
Abbreviation	Vulnerable Child. Youth Stud.
ISSN (print)	1745-0128
ISSN (online)	1745-0136
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Health(social science) Sociology and Political Science