How to format your references using the Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Strano, M. S. (2012). Chemistry. Functional DNA origami devices. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6109), 890–891.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lilley, B. N., & Ploegh, H. L. (2004). A membrane protein required for dislocation of misfolded proteins from the ER. Nature, 429(6994), 834–840.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maduwage, K., O’Leary, M. A., & Isbister, G. K. (2014). Diagnosis of snake envenomation using a simple phospholipase A2 assay. Scientific Reports, 4, 4827.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kaiser, B. K., Yim, D., Chow, I.-T., Gonzalez, S., Dai, Z., Mann, H. H., Strong, R. K., Groh, V., & Spies, T. (2007). Disulphide-isomerase-enabled shedding of tumour-associated NKG2D ligands. Nature, 447(7143), 482–486.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Palmquist, S. R. (2015). Comprehensive Commentary on Kant’s Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chung, Y., & Yung, M. (Eds.). (2011). Information Security Applications: 11th International Workshop, WISA 2010, Jeju Island, Korea, August 24-26, 2010, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 6513). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Eddahibi, S., Raffestin, B., & Adnot, S. (2007). Angiogenesis And Chronic Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. In A. Aldashev & R. Naeije (Eds.), Problems of High Altitude Medicine and Biology (pp. 57–68). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 12). This Is What Our Night Sky Would Look Like If Celestial Bodies Were Closer To Earth. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Core Competencies in Financial Management for Information Technology Personnel Implementing Financial Systems in the Federal Government (JFMIP-ET-98-2). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

RinconGallardo, T. J. (2010). The effect of the use of learning journals on the development of metacognition in undergraduate students [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2006, May 3). In the Roberts Court, More Room for Argument. New York Times, A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Strano, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Lilley & Ploegh, 2004; Strano, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lilley & Ploegh, 2004)
Three authors: (Maduwage et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Kaiser et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
Abbreviation	Vulnerable Child. Youth Stud.
ISSN (print)	1745-0128
ISSN (online)	1745-0136
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Health(social science) Sociology and Political Science