How to format your references using the Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eakin, C. M. (2014). Oceans. Lamarck was partially right--and that is good for corals. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6186), 798–799.

A journal article with 2 authors

Goo, L., & Pierson, T. C. (2015). Dengue virus: Bumps in the road to therapeutic antibodies. Nature, 524(7565), 295–296.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smothers, J. F., Henikoff, S., & Carter, P. (2002). Tech.Sight. Phage display. Affinity selection from biological libraries. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5593), 621–622.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Klein, T. A., Neumann, J., Reuter, M., Hennig, J., von Cramon, D. Y., & Ullsperger, M. (2007). Genetically determined differences in learning from errors. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5856), 1642–1645.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Qiuwei Wu. (2013). Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Arczewski, K., Blajer, W., Fraczek, J., & Wojtyra, M. (Eds.). (2011). Multibody Dynamics: Computational Methods and Applications (Vol. 23). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Cho, Y. J., Park, C., Rassias, T. M., & Saadati, R. (2015). Stability of Functional Equations in C ∗-Ternary Algebras. In C. Park, T. M. Rassias, & R. Saadati (Eds.), Stability of Functional Equations in Banach Algebras (pp. 201–228). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, November 19). Iguanas Have Bird-Like Lungs. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999). Y2K Computing Challenge: Day One Planning and Operations Guide (AIMD-10.1.22). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wallace, D. R. (2006). A Comparative Analysis of a Conventional Versus a Computer-assisted Technique for Identification of Mechanical Power Press Hazards [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. (2013, October 31). The Wildness of Clothes, but Not for Fashion. New York Times, E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eakin, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Eakin, 2014; Goo & Pierson, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Goo & Pierson, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Klein et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
Abbreviation	Vulnerable Child. Youth Stud.
ISSN (print)	1745-0128
ISSN (online)	1745-0136
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Health(social science) Sociology and Political Science