How to format your references using the Visual Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Visual Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moore, P., 2005. Amplifying the signal. Nature 435, 236.

A journal article with 2 authors

Quinn, P.K., Bates, T.S., 2011. The case against climate regulation via oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions. Nature 480, 51–56.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gürerk, O., Irlenbusch, B., Rockenbach, B., 2006. The competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions. Science 312, 108–111.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chin, J.W., Cropp, T.A., Anderson, J.C., Mukherji, M., Zhang, Z., Schultz, P.G., 2003. An expanded eukaryotic genetic code. Science 301, 964–967.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaltashov, I.A., Eyles, S.J., 2005. Mass Spectrometry in Biophysics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Agapito, L., Bronstein, M.M., Rother, C. (Eds.), 2015. Computer Vision - ECCV 2014 Workshops: Zurich, Switzerland, September 6-7 and 12, 2014, Proceedings, Part II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Salinelli, E., Tomarelli, F., 2014. Complessità dei sistemi dinamici non lineari: biforcazioni e caos, in: Tomarelli, F. (Ed.), Modelli Dinamici Discreti, UNITEXT. Springer, Milano, pp. 129–183.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Visual Informatics.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. How Smartphones Can Lead The Fight Against Air Pollution [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2002. Telecommunications: Issues in Providing Cable and Satellite Television Services (No. GAO-03-130). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Breska, J., 2013. Mentoring for juvenile gang members and at-risk youth: A grant proposal project (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mcgirr, M., 2017. Sink Into the Silence of Summer. New York Times SR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moore, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Moore, 2005; Quinn and Bates, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Quinn and Bates, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Chin et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Visual Informatics
ISSN (print)	2468-502X
Scope