How to format your references using the Visual Cognition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Visual Cognition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Giles, J. (2001). Relaxed restrictions blamed for rise in foot and mouth. Nature, 413(6852), 98.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maheshwari, V., & Saraf, R. F. (2006). High-resolution thin-film device to sense texture by touch. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5779), 1501–1504.

A journal article with 3 authors

Asphaug, E., Agnor, C. B., & Williams, Q. (2006). Hit-and-run planetary collisions. Nature, 439(7073), 155–160.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Hildebrandt, D., Glasser, D., Hausberger, B., Patel, B., & Glasser, B. J. (2009). Chemistry. Producing transportation fuels with less work. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5922), 1680–1681.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gable, J., & Herrmann, T. (2016). Counselling Skills for Dietitians. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Domek, S., & Dworak, P. (Eds.). (2016). Theoretical Developments and Applications of Non-Integer Order Systems: 7th Conference on Non-Integer Order Calculus and Its Applications, Szczecin, Poland (1st ed. 2016, Vol. 357). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Rosen, E., & Tsesis, I. (2014). Surgical Anesthesia: When a Tool Becomes a Weapon. In I. Tsesis (Ed.), Complications in Endodontic Surgery: Prevention, Identification and Management (pp. 53–60). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Visual Cognition.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, July 21). Experiment Fails To Find Dark Matter After 20 Months Of Searching. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/experiment-fails-to-find-dark-matter-after-20-months-of-searching/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1972). Information on Federally Owned Land in Oregon Set Aside for Use by the Burns Paiute Indian Colony (B-147652,B-147655). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith, J. R. (2010). The evolving profile of alternative tobacco use in California [Doctoral dissertation]. University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S., & Smale, A. (2015, September 22). Foes of Russia in Crimea Block Shipments of Food. New York Times, A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Giles, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Giles, 2001; Maheshwari & Saraf, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Maheshwari & Saraf, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Hildebrandt et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Visual Cognition
Abbreviation	Vis. cogn.
ISSN (print)	1350-6285
ISSN (online)	1464-0716
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Cognitive Neuroscience Experimental and Cognitive Psychology