How to format your references using the Viruses citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Viruses. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Xu, P. Eppendorf 2005 Winner. A Drosophila OBP Required for Pheromone Signaling. Science 2005, 310, 798–799.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cantrell, R.P.; Reeves, T.G. The Rice Genome. The Cereal of the World’s Poor Takes Center Stage. Science 2002, 296, 53.

A journal article with 3 authors

Su, Z.; Huang, W.; Gu, X. Comment on “Positive Selection of Tyrosine Loss in Metazoan Evolution.” Science 2011, 332, 917; author reply 917.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lev-Yadun, S.; Ne’eman, G.; Abbo, S.; Flaishman, M.A. Comment on “Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley.” Science 2006, 314, 1683; author reply 1683.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson, J.B. Bandwidth Efficient Coding; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2017; ISBN 9781119345244.

An edited book

Psychodrama. Empirical Research and Science 2; Stadler, C., Wieser, M., Kirk, K., Eds.; Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden: Wiesbaden, 2016; ISBN 9783658130145.

A chapter in an edited book

Kumpfer, K.L.; Magalhães, C.; Kanse, S.A. Impact of Family Structure, Functioning, Culture, and Family-Based Interventions on Children’s Health. In Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents; Korin, M.R., Ed.; Current population reports; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2016; pp. 57–81 ISBN 9781489977090.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Viruses.

Blog post

Luntz, S. Beating Artificial Heart Tissue Announced (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Immigrant Education: Federal Funding Has Not Kept Pace With Student Increases; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1994;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ariani, D. Amerindo International Nurse Recruitment Agency. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. After Shake-Up, Pandora Picks Chief of Sling TV To Be Its New C.E.O. New York Times 2017, B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Viruses
Abbreviation	Viruses
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
Scope	Virology Infectious Diseases