How to format your references using the Viruses citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Viruses. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sönnichsen, C. Physics. Detecting Intruders on the Nanoscale. Science 2011, 332, 1389–1390.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lamb, S.; Davis, P. Cenozoic Climate Change as a Possible Cause for the Rise of the Andes. Nature 2003, 425, 792–797.

A journal article with 3 authors

Qvarnström, A.; Brommer, J.E.; Gustafsson, L. Testing the Genetics Underlying the Co-Evolution of Mate Choice and Ornament in the Wild. Nature 2006, 441, 84–86.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Furnes, H.; de Wit, M.; Staudigel, H.; Rosing, M.; Muehlenbachs, K. A Vestige of Earth’s Oldest Ophiolite. Science 2007, 315, 1704–1707.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shover, L. Trading Options in Turbulent Markets; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2010; ISBN 9781118531990.

An edited book

Emerging Issues in Sustainable Development: International Trade Law and Policy Relating to Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment; Matsushita, M., Schoenbaum, T.J., Eds.; Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific; Springer Japan: Tokyo, 2016; ISBN 9784431564249.

A chapter in an edited book

Engewald, W.; Dettmer-Wilde, K. Selection of Capillary Columns and Operating Conditions. In Practical Gas Chromatography: A Comprehensive Reference; Dettmer-Wilde, K., Engewald, W., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; pp. 117–160 ISBN 9783642546396.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Viruses.

Blog post

Taub, B. A Monkey Has Survived For A Record Period Of Time With A Pig’s Heart (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office U.S. Agencies Could Benefit by Better Management of ADP Activities of Government Contractors; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1973;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sawant, K.G. A Chemo-Physical Model for Predicting Post Fracking Pressure Buildup in Pierre Shale. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana: Lafayette, LA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. Football Culture Keeps Some In the Dark. New York Times 2010, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Viruses
Abbreviation	Viruses
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
Scope	Virology Infectious Diseases