How to format your references using the Virology Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virology Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Walsworth RL. Applied physics. The maser at 50. Science. 2004;306:236–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Junttila MR, de Sauvage FJ. Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response. Nature. 2013;501:346–54.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Iacopino V, Allen SA, Keller AS. Ethics. Bad science used to support torture and human experimentation. Science. 2011;331:34–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lando D, Peet DJ, Whelan DA, Gorman JJ, Whitelaw ML. Asparagine hydroxylation of the HIF transactivation domain a hypoxic switch. Science. 2002;295:858–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kent J. ADA in Details. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

1. Sharman R, Rao HR, Raghu TS, editors. Exploring the Grand Challenges for Next Generation E-Business: 8th Workshop on E-Business, WEB 2009, Phoenix, AZ, USA, December 15, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Mizutani T, Igarashi S, Ikeda Y, Shio M. Labeled @-Calculus: Formalism for Time-Concerned Human Factors. In: Calmet J, Ida T, Wang D, editors. Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: 8th International Conference, AISC 2006 Beijing, China, September 20-22, 2006 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 25–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virology Journal.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Camel Antibodies Guide Therapies To Tumors [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/camel-antibodies-guide-treatments-tumors/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Tax Administration: Status of Tax Systems Modernization, Tax Delinquencies, and the Tax Gap. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Feb. Report No.: T-GGD-93-4.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. An D. Improved Flotation of Bastnaesite and Chalcopyrite [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sisario B. Ed Sheeran Holds No. 1 as Drake Inches Up. New York Times. 2017 Mar 20;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Virology Journal
Abbreviation	Virol. J.
ISSN (online)	1743-422X
Scope	Virology Infectious Diseases

Research and Writing Guides