How to format your references using the Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Justham, S., 2014. Astrophysics: Portrait of a doomed star. Nature 512, 34–35.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cheng, L., AghaKouchak, A., 2014. Nonstationary precipitation Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for infrastructure design in a changing climate. Sci. Rep. 4, 7093.

A journal article with 3 authors

Koh, K., Zheng, X., Sehgal, A., 2006. JETLAG resets the Drosophila circadian clock by promoting light-induced degradation of TIMELESS. Science 312, 1809–1812.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wacey, D., Saunders, M., Roberts, M., Menon, S., Green, L., Kong, C., Culwick, T., Strother, P., Brasier, M.D., 2014. Enhanced cellular preservation by clay minerals in 1 billion-year-old lakes. Sci. Rep. 4, 5841.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Horstmeyer, S.L., 2011. The Weather Almanac. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Bothmann, F., 2006. A Guidebook for Riverside Regeneration: Artery - Transforming Riversides for the Future. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Kolvekar, S.K., Panagiotopoulos, N., 2016. Pectus Excavatum, in: Kolvekar, S., Pilegaard, H. (Eds.), Chest Wall Deformities and Corrective Procedures. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 17–20.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. What Makes Our Brains Unique? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Contract Pricing: A Low Percentage of Contractors Are Responsible for Most Reported Defective Pricing (No. NSIAD-93-1). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wright, C., 2010. A quantitative study of retirement knowledge among Spring 2009 Arizona high school graduates (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W., Story, L., 2011. Seeking Business, States Loosen Insurance Rules. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Justham, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Cheng and AghaKouchak, 2014; Justham, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cheng and AghaKouchak, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Wacey et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virology
Abbreviation	Virology
ISSN (print)	0042-6822
Scope	Virology