How to format your references using the Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hoag, H., 2003. Transgenic salmon still out in the cold in United States. Nature 421, 304.

A journal article with 2 authors

Klein, M.L., Shinoda, W., 2008. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of self-assembling systems. Science 321, 798–800.

A journal article with 3 authors

Glasauer, S., Langley, S., Beveridge, T.J., 2002. Intracellular iron minerals in a dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium. Science 295, 117–119.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kosak, S.T., Skok, J.A., Medina, K.L., Riblet, R., Le Beau, M.M., Fisher, A.G., Singh, H., 2002. Subnuclear compartmentalization of immunoglobulin loci during lymphocyte development. Science 296, 158–162.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gunn, A., Pitt, S.J., 2012. Parasitology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Ma, Z. (Ed.), 2006. Soft Computing in Ontologies and Semantic Web, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Yilbas, B.S., Shuja, S.Z., 2013. Laser Melting of Two Layer Materials, in: Shuja, S.Z. (Ed.), Laser Surface Processing and Model Studies, Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 59–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2013. Origin of flowers has been discovered [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/origin-flowers-has-been-discovered/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Aviation Manufacturing: Status of FAA’s Efforts to Improve Certification and Regulatory Consistency (No. GAO-14-829T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seidel, J.G., 2015. Adolescent female stress management curriculum (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tappin, B., Van Der Leer, L., Mckay, R., 2017. Your Opinion Is Set in Stone. New York Times SR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hoag, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Hoag, 2003; Klein and Shinoda, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Klein and Shinoda, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Kosak et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virology
Abbreviation	Virology
ISSN (print)	0042-6822
Scope	Virology