How to format your references using the Virchows Archiv citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virchows Archiv. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

de Chadarevian S (2003) Perceptions in science. The making of an icon. Science 300:255–257

A journal article with 2 authors

Joughin I, Tulaczyk S (2002) Positive mass balance of the Ross Ice Streams, West Antarctica. Science 295:476–480

A journal article with 3 authors

Brechbühl J, Klaey M, Broillet M-C (2008) Grueneberg ganglion cells mediate alarm pheromone detection in mice. Science 321:1092–1095

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Polo S, Sigismund S, Faretta M, et al (2002) A single motif responsible for ubiquitin recognition and monoubiquitination in endocytic proteins. Nature 416:451–455

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vegh A (2010) Web Development with the Mac®. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA

An edited book

Argenyi Z (2011) Cutaneous Neural Neoplasms: A Practical Guide, 1st ed. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

A chapter in an edited book

Berger A, Müller R, Naeemi SH (2009) Characterizing Incentive Compatibility for Convex Valuations. In: Mavronicolas M, Papadopoulou VG (eds) Algorithmic Game Theory: Second International Symposium, SAGT 2009, Paphos, Cyprus, October 18-20, 2009. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 24–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virchows Archiv.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) We Are Going To Breach The 2C Warming Limit By 2050, Warn World’s Leading Climate Scientists. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2017) Discretionary Grants: Education Needs to Improve Its Oversight of Grants Monitoring. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ademiluyi CA (2010) Felony disenfranchisement and how it contributes to the Black electorate. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L (2008) New Charter School Will Be Island’s 4th. New York Times LI1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Virchows Archiv
Abbreviation	Virchows Arch.
ISSN (print)	0945-6317
ISSN (online)	1432-2307
Scope	Cell Biology Molecular Biology General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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