How to format your references using the Violence and Gender citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Violence and Gender (VIO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Foster I. 2020 Computing: A Two-Way Street to Science’s Future. Nature 2006;440(7083):419.

A journal article with 2 authors

Huybers P and Curry W. Links between Annual, Milankovitch and Continuum Temperature Variability. Nature 2006;441(7091):329–332.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lieberman E, Hauert C and Nowak MA. Evolutionary Dynamics on Graphs. Nature 2005;433(7023):312–316.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kuznetsov AE, Birch KA, Boldyrev AI, et al. All-Metal Antiaromatic Molecule: Rectangular Al4(4-) in the Li3Al4(-) Anion. Science 2003;300(5619):622–625.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jaitly R. Practical Operational Due Diligence on Hedge Funds. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK; 2016.

An edited book

Porter K. 50 Billion Dollar Boss: African American Women Sharing Stories of Success in Entrepreneurship and Leadership. (Hoffman A. ed). Palgrave Macmillan US: New York, NY; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Humphrey MA and Burkart AR. Infrastructure Development Through Civil Nuclear Cooperation. In: Nuclear Power and Energy Security. (Apikyan SA and Diamond DJ. eds). NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht; 2010; pp. 23–26.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Violence and Gender.

Blog post

Andrews R. Ancient Supermassive Black Hole Ejects Major Flare. IFLScience; 2015. [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Possible Extended Use of the Federal Telecommunications System by DOD. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Harris SK. Dissecting the Disappearing Act: Discussing the Dissipation of Black Male Role Models in Black Communities. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University: Edwardsville, IL; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. The Ghost in the Machine May Be Your Soul. New York Times 2016;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Foster, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Foster, 2006; Huybers and Curry, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Huybers and Curry, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Kuznetsov et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Violence and Gender
ISSN (print)	2326-7836
ISSN (online)	2326-7852
Scope