How to format your references using the Vascular Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vascular Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hoogland JL. Prairie dogs disperse when all close kin have disappeared. Science 2013; 339: 1205–1207.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lin MT, Beal MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 2006; 443: 787–795.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gizon L, Duvall TL, Schou J. Wave-like properties of solar supergranulation. Nature 2003; 421: 43–44.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Shima T, et al. Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species. Science 2011; 331: 337–341.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Botsai E, Kaneshiro C, Cuccia P, et al. The Architect’s Guide to Preventing Water Infiltration. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.

An edited book

Gosling P. Mastering Your PhD: Survival and Success in the Doctoral Years and Beyond. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Warth RJ, Millett PJ. Rotator Cuff Disorders. In: Millett PJ (ed) Physical Examination of the Shoulder: An Evidence-Based Approach. New York, NY: Springer, 2015, pp. 77–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vascular Medicine.

Blog post

Andrews R. Mammals Took Over The World Remarkably Quickly After The Dinosaurs Bit The Dust. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Special Education: Financing Health and Educational Services for Handicapped Children. HRD-86-62BR, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 31 July 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hilker B. Electric-field effects and interactions of dye-polymer systems. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Florida, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Powell M. Scaling Past Death. New York Times, 9 May 2017, p. SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Vascular Medicine
Abbreviation	Vasc. Med.
ISSN (print)	1358-863X
ISSN (online)	1477-0377
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine