How to format your references using the Vascular Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vascular Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pearson PN. Paleoclimate. Increased atmospheric CO₂ during the Middle Eocene. Science 2010; 330: 763–764.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sipp D, Turner L. Stem cells. U.S. regulation of stem cells as medical products. Science 2012; 338: 1296–1297.

A journal article with 3 authors

Eccleston A, Cesari F, Skipper M. Transcription and epigenetics. Nature 2013; 502: 461.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Johnston WK, Unrau PJ, Lawrence MS, et al. RNA-catalyzed RNA polymerization: accurate and general RNA-templated primer extension. Science 2001; 292: 1319–1325.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adhikari SK. Variational Principles and the Numerical Solution of Scattering Problems. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005.

An edited book

Petsche H-J, Keßler G, Kannenberg L, et al. (eds). Hermann Graßmann Roots and Traces: Autographs and Unknown Documents. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Huang R, Yang J. Digital Learners and Digital Teachers: Challenges, Changes, and Competencies. In: Spector JM, Ifenthaler D, Sampson DG, et al. (eds) Competencies in Teaching, Learning and Educational Leadership in the Digital Age: Papers from CELDA 2014. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 47–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vascular Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. Robot Tricks Website‘s “I Am Not A Robot” Test Then Does Mic Drop. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Actions Taken or Needed To Curb Widespread Abuse of the Citizens Band Radio Service. GGD-75-88, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 14 October 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Karlen DJ. The Biocomplexity of Benthic Communities Associated with a Shallow-water Hydrothermal System in Papua New Guinea. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Florida, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Conklin K. Honest Work, Honest Pay. New York Times, 9 January 2005, p. 14NJ15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Vascular Medicine
Abbreviation	Vasc. Med.
ISSN (print)	1358-863X
ISSN (online)	1477-0377
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine