How to format your references using the Vadose Zone Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vadose Zone Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. 2005. Job movements. Nature 433(7028): 901.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reinhoudt, D.N., and M. Crego-Calama. 2002. Synthesis beyond the molecule. Science 295(5564): 2403–2407.

A journal article with 3 authors

Waelti, P., A. Dickinson, and W. Schultz. 2001. Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theory. Nature 412(6842): 43–48.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Seemann, J., M. Pypaert, T. Taguchi, J. Malsam, and G. Warren. 2002. Partitioning of the matrix fraction of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis in animal cells. Science 295(5556): 848–851.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Geren, R.L. 2016. Applying the Building Code. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Calvo Lopez, B., and E. Peña, editors. 2012. Patient-Specific Computational Modeling. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Allan, K. 2016. The Pragmeme of Insult and Some Allopracts. In: Allan, K., Capone, A., and Kecskes, I., editors, Pragmemes and Theories of Language Use. Springer International Publishing, Cham. p. 69–84

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vadose Zone Journal.

Blog post

Hale, T. 2016. Can You Guess What Object Is In These Microscopic Images? IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/can-you-guess-what-object-these-microscopic-images/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kashyap, S.K. 2017. Bit Error Rate Performance of 4x2 Space-Time MIMO-OFDM Conjugate Cancellation Techniques.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff, J. 2016. Trump Won Battle of Ranting, Raving Twitter Robots, Researchers Say. New York Times: A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Reinhoudt and Crego-Calama, 2002; Smaglik, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reinhoudt and Crego-Calama, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Seemann et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Vadose Zone Journal
Abbreviation	Vadose Zone J.
ISSN (online)	1539-1663
Scope	Soil Science