How to format your references using the Urology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eiler JM. Geochemistry. The oldest fossil or just another rock? Science. 2007;317(5841):1046-1047.

A journal article with 2 authors

Abercrombie RE, Ekström G. Earthquake slip on oceanic transform faults. Nature. 2001;410(6824):74-77.

A journal article with 3 authors

Okita K, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S. Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2007;448(7151):313-317.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Haffner C, Chelladurai D, Fedoryshyn Y, et al. Low-loss plasmon-assisted electro-optic modulator. Nature. 2018;556(7702):483-486.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Budisa N. Engineering the Genetic Code. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Jhala R, Schmidt D, eds. Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation: 12th International Conference, VMCAI 2011, Austin, TX, USA, January 23-25, 2011. Proceedings. Vol 6538. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Bazzoni S, Glaz S. Prüfer rings. In: Brewer JW, Glaz S, Heinzer WJ, Olberding BM, eds. Multiplicative Ideal Theory in Commutative Algebra: A Tribute to the Work of Robert Gilmer. Springer US; 2006:55-72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urology Case Reports.

Blog post

Andrew E. NASA Discovers Liquid Salty Water Flowing On Mars. IFLScience. Published September 28, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/evidence-salty-water-flowing-mars/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. HUD-Assisted Renters. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kalinec-Craig C. A Case Study of Four Latina/o Pre-Service Teachers in Learning to Teach Mathematics for Understanding and Integrate a Child’s out-of-School Mathematical Knowledge and Experiences. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Haberman M, Shear MD, Thrush G. Bannon, Key Voice of Populist Right, Exits White House. New York Times. August 18, 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Urology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Urol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2214-4420
Scope	Urology

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