How to format your references using the Urology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Govindan R. Cancer. Attack of the clones. Science. 2014;346(6206):169-170.

A journal article with 2 authors

Richardson MI, Wilson RJ. A topographically forced asymmetry in the martian circulation and climate. Nature. 2002;416(6878):298-301.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hirjibehedin CF, Lutz CP, Heinrich AJ. Spin coupling in engineered atomic structures. Science. 2006;312(5776):1021-1024.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fountain SJ, Parkinson K, Young MT, Cao L, Thompson CRL, North RA. An intracellular P2X receptor required for osmoregulation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature. 2007;448(7150):200-203.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Svrcek WY, Mahoney DP, Young BR. A Real-Time Approach to Process Control. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007.

An edited book

Cudd AE, Lee WC, eds. Citizenship and Immigration - Borders, Migration and Political Membership in a Global Age. Vol 6. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Perlock PA, González PJ, Tiampo KF, Rodríguez-Velasco G, Samsonov S, Fernández J. Time Evolution of Deformation Using Time Series of Differential Interferograms: Application to La Palma Island (Canary Islands). In: Camacho AG, Díaz JI, Fernändez J, eds. Earth Sciences and Mathematics: Volune II. Birkhäuser; 2009:1531-1554.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urology Case Reports.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Net-Casting Spider Plunges Web On Top Of Prey. IFLScience. September 25, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/net-casting-spider-plunges-web-top-prey-kh-work-progress/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Public Health Information Technology: Additional Strategic Planning Needed to Guide HHS’s Efforts to Establish Electronic Situational Awareness Capabilities. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schulz JL. Factors Affecting Prey Availability and Habitat Usage of Wintering Piping Plovers (Charadrius Melodus) in Coastal Louisiana. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx L. After the Guests Have Left. New York Times. June 1, 2014:ST13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Urology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Urol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2214-4420
Scope	Urology