How to format your references using the Urban Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urban Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wood CL (2014) Environment. Environmental change and the ecology of infectious disease. Science 346:1192

A journal article with 2 authors

Xue Y, Sherman DH (2000) Alternative modular polyketide synthase expression controls macrolactone structure. Nature 403:571–575

A journal article with 3 authors

Sillanpää MA, Park JI, Simmonds RW (2007) Coherent quantum state storage and transfer between two phase qubits via a resonant cavity. Nature 449:438–442

A journal article with 5 or more authors

McLean CY, Reno PL, Pollen AA, et al (2011) Human-specific loss of regulatory DNA and the evolution of human-specific traits. Nature 471:216–219

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gamenara D, Seoane GA, Saenz-Méndez P, de María PD (2012) Redox Biocatalysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Mathis K, Tor A (eds) (2016) Nudging - Possibilities, Limitations and Applications in European Law and Economics. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Gkoulalas-Divanis A, Loukides G (2013) Preventing Re-identification While Supporting GWAS. In: Loukides G (ed) Anonymization of Electronic Medical Records to Support Clinical Analysis. Springer, New York, NY, pp 39–53

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urban Ecosystems.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) More Sex Causes Male Burying Beetles To Evolve A Longer “Penis.” In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) No Child Left Behind Act: Improved Accessibility to Education’s Information Could Help States Further Implement Teacher Qualification Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bacus M (2015) Disturb the Morning. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2000) In Chinatown, Bulgarian Red Means Wine, Not Politics. New York Times 147

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wood 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Xue and Sherman 2000; Wood 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Xue and Sherman 2000)
Three or more authors: (McLean et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Urban Ecosystems
Abbreviation	Urban Ecosyst.
ISSN (print)	1083-8155
ISSN (online)	1573-1642
Scope	Ecology Urban Studies