How to format your references using the Urban Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urban Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Elderfield H (2002) Climate change. Carbonate mysteries. Science 296:1618–1621

A journal article with 2 authors

Long M, Thornton K (2001) Gene duplication and evolution. Science 293:1551

A journal article with 3 authors

Phillips NR, Sprouse ML, Roby RK (2014) Simultaneous quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion ratio: a multiplex real-time PCR assay. Sci Rep 4:3887

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Itkis ME, Chi X, Cordes AW, Haddon RC (2002) Magneto-opto-electronic bistability in a phenalenyl-based neutral radical. Science 296:1443–1445

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Britton M (2015) YouthNation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Barafort B, O’Connor RV, Poth A, Messnarz R (eds) (2014) Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement: 21st European Conference, EuroSPI 2014, Luxembourg, June 25-27, 2014. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Popescu-Zeletin R, Radusch I, Rigani MA (2010) Routing. In: Radusch I, Rigani MA (eds) Vehicular-2-X Communication: State-of-the-Art and Research in Mobile Vehicular Ad hoc Networks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 67–88

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urban Ecosystems.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) “Hypervelocity stars” escaping the Milky Way could represent entirely new class. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Internal Revenue Service: 2001 Tax Filing Season, Systems Modernization, and Security of Electronic Filing. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Krishnan R (2014) Generalized Conditional Matching Algorithm for Ordered and Unordered Sets. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Villarosa L (2007) The Wheezing That Could Signal Childhood Asthma. New York Times H2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Elderfield 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Long and Thornton 2001; Elderfield 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Long and Thornton 2001)
Three or more authors: (Itkis et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Urban Ecosystems
Abbreviation	Urban Ecosyst.
ISSN (print)	1083-8155
ISSN (online)	1573-1642
Scope	Ecology Urban Studies