How to format your references using the Ultrasonics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ultrasonics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.A. Mindell, Structural biology. The Tao of chloride transporter structure, Science 330 (2010) 601–602.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H.-M. Ding, Y.-Q. Ma, Controlling cellular uptake of nanoparticles with pH-sensitive polymers, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2804.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Sakamaki, A. Suzuki, E. Ohtani, Stability of hydrous melt at the base of the Earth’s upper mantle, Nature 439 (2006) 192–194.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A.G. Himler, T. Adachi-Hagimori, J.E. Bergen, A. Kozuch, S.E. Kelly, B.E. Tabashnik, E. Chiel, V.E. Duckworth, T.J. Dennehy, E. Zchori-Fein, M.S. Hunter, Rapid spread of a bacterial symbiont in an invasive whitefly is driven by fitness benefits and female bias, Science 332 (2011) 254–256.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Behme, Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical Proteins, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

I. Liyanage, T. Walker, eds., English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in Asia: Negotiating Appropriate Practices in a Global Context, SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. (charlie) E.N. Veron, L.M. DeVantier, E. Turak, A.L. Green, S. Kininmonth, M. Stafford-Smith, N. Peterson, The Coral Triangle, in: Z. Dubinsky, N. Stambler (Eds.), Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2011: pp. 47–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ultrasonics.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Dinosaurs Could Have Survived The Asteroid, Study Finds, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Tax Systems Modernization: Results of Review of IRS’ Third Expenditure Plan, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.J. Spanier, The Relationship of Genes and Environment with Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Asthma, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Vecsey, Of Horns and Whines And the Humble Earplug, New York Times (2010) B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ultrasonics
Abbreviation	Ultrasonics
ISSN (print)	0041-624X
Scope	Acoustics and Ultrasonics