How to format your references using the Ultramicroscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ultramicroscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.A. Lovett, PLANETARY SCIENCE: “Spiders” Channel Mars Polar Ice Cap, Science. 289 (2000) 1853a–4a.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

B. Lardner, M. bin Lakim, Animal communication: tree-hole frogs exploit resonance effects, Nature. 420 (2002) 475.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S.E. Swiontek, D.P. Pulsifer, A. Lakhtakia, Optical sensing of analytes in aqueous solutions with a multiple surface-plasmon-polariton-wave platform, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1409.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Kim, D. Park, S. Choi, S. Lee, M. Sun, C. Kim, H.-S. Shin, Thalamic control of visceral nociception mediated by T-type Ca2+ channels, Science. 302 (2003) 117–119.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A.A. Al-Shuhail, S.A. Al-Dossary, W.A. Mousa, Seismic Data Interpretation using Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

D. Liu, L. Wang, K.C. Tan, eds., Design and Control of Intelligent Robotic Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

B. Agarwal, N. Mittal, Semantic Parsing Using Dependency Rules, in: N. Mittal (Ed.), Prominent Feature Extraction for Sentiment Analysis, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 47–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ultramicroscopy.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Protein Treatment Staves Off Alzheimer’s Disease Symptoms, IFLScience. (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Information Technology: Management Improvements Are Essential to VA’s Second Effort to Replace Its Outpatient Scheduling System, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

V. Martinez, The relationship between visit to a doctor and the health behaviors of children, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Erlanger, J.H. Davis, Once Dominant, U.S. Is Now Isolated at G-20, New York Times. (2017) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ultramicroscopy
Abbreviation	Ultramicroscopy
ISSN (print)	0304-3991
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Instrumentation Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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