How to format your references using the Ultramicroscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ultramicroscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Malakoff, ELECTION 2000: Uncertainty Wins by a Landslide, Science. 290 (2000) 1277–1279.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.M.S. Schofield, M.H. Nesson, Comment on “High abrasion resistance with sparse mineralization: copper biomineral in worm jaws,” Science. 301 (2003) 1049; author reply 1049.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Tatar, A. Bartke, A. Antebi, The endocrine regulation of aging by insulin-like signals, Science. 299 (2003) 1346–1351.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A.A. Zarrin, C. Del Vecchio, E. Tseng, M. Gleason, P. Zarin, M. Tian, F.W. Alt, Antibody class switching mediated by yeast endonuclease-generated DNA breaks, Science. 315 (2007) 377–381.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.A. McGeough, The Engineering of Human Joint Replacements, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

A.A. Cigna, M. Durante, eds., Radiation Risk Estimates in Normal and Emergency Situations, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L. Victoria, L. dela Cruz, B. Balgos, CSOs and the Challenges in Risk and Vulnerability Assessment, in: R. Shaw, T. Izumi (Eds.), Civil Society Organization and Disaster Risk Reduction: The Asian Dilemma, Springer Japan, Tokyo, 2014: pp. 59–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ultramicroscopy.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Icy Plains And Hydrocarbon Haze Spotted On Pluto, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/plutos-icy-plains-and-hydrocarbon-haze/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, The Basic Educational Opportunity Grant Program at Holliston Junior College, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.K. Park, Target Identification, Therapeutic Application and Maturation Mechanism of microRNAs, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.L. Grow, Gun Rights for Terrorists, New York Times. (2015) A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ultramicroscopy
Abbreviation	Ultramicroscopy
ISSN (print)	0304-3991
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Instrumentation Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics