How to format your references using the Ultramicroscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ultramicroscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.W. Weisel, Biophysics. Enigmas of blood clot elasticity, Science 320 (2008) 456–457.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C.L. Soles, Y. Ding, Materials science. Nanoscale polymer processing, Science 322 (2008) 689–690.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Reyners, D. Eberhart-Phillips, G. Stuart, The role of fluids in lower-crustal earthquakes near continental rifts, Nature 446 (2007) 1075–1078.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Q. Liu, T.A. Rand, S. Kalidas, F. Du, H.-E. Kim, D.P. Smith, X. Wang, R2D2, a bridge between the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway, Science 301 (2003) 1921–1925.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Calloway, Becoming a Category of One, Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2009.

An edited book

[1]

S. Loue, M. Sajatovic, eds., Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, Springer, New York, NY, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.I. Lane, R.J. Witte, Advanced Imaging Applications, in: R.J. Witte (Ed.), The Temporal Bone: An Imaging Atlas, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010: pp. 75–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ultramicroscopy.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Fastest Known Organism Is A Fungus - Check It Out In Slow Motion, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fastest-known-organism-fungus-check-it-out-slow-motion/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Talking Books for the Blind, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.S. Anderson, Boys in crisis: A grounded theory study of male high school dropouts in a rural setting, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Robbins, Despite ‘Sanctuary City’ Policy, Mayor Says New York Complies With U.S. Law, New York Times (2017) A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ultramicroscopy
Abbreviation	Ultramicroscopy
ISSN (print)	0304-3991
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Instrumentation Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics