How to format your references using the Ultramicroscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ultramicroscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

L.R. Berger, The mosaic nature of Australopithecus sediba. Introduction, Science 340 (2013) 163–165.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Y. Xiong, T.A. Steitz, Mechanism of transfer RNA maturation by CCA-adding enzyme without using an oligonucleotide template, Nature 430 (2004) 640–645.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. Volpe, G. Volpe, S. Gigan, Brownian motion in a speckle light field: tunable anomalous diffusion and selective optical manipulation, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 3936.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

G.R. Almany, M.L. Berumen, S.R. Thorrold, S. Planes, G.P. Jones, Local replenishment of coral reef fish populations in a marine reserve, Science 316 (2007) 742–744.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Canham, J. Bennett, Mentorship in Community Nursing: Challenges and Opportunities, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2008.

An edited book

[1]

A. Movaghar, M. Jamzad, H. Asadi, eds., Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing: International Symposium, AISP 2013, Tehran, Iran, December 25-26, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E. Wegert, G. Semmler, On the Normality of Topological Target Manifolds for Riemann-Hilbert Problems, in: G.A. Barsegian, H.G.W. Begehr (Eds.), Topics in Analysis and Its Applications, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2005: pp. 61–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ultramicroscopy.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Uncommon Virus Suspected in Severe Respiratory Illness in a Dozen States, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: TSA Has Taken Steps to Improve Oversight of Key Programs, but Additional Actions Are Needed, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.M. Smith, Meanings of “design” in instructional technology: A conceptual analysis based on the field’s foundational literature, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

R.P. George, M. Moschella, Does Sex Ed Undermine Parental Rights?, New York Times (2011) A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ultramicroscopy
Abbreviation	Ultramicroscopy
ISSN (print)	0304-3991
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Instrumentation Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics