How to format your references using the Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lederman, L. The God Particle et Al. Nature 2007, 448, 310–312.

A journal article with 2 authors

De Francesco, R.; Migliaccio, G. Challenges and Successes in Developing New Therapies for Hepatitis C. Nature 2005, 436, 953–960.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, P.; Cohen, R.E.; Haule, K. Effects of Electron Correlations on Transport Properties of Iron at Earth’s Core Conditions. Nature 2015, 517, 605–607.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, J.; Chen, L.; Li, L.; He, J.; Chen, J.; Jiang, C.; Wang, W.; Li, S.; Li, Y.; Zhang, R. Preliminary Identification of Palaeofloods with the Alkane Ratio C31/C17 and Their Potential Link to Global Climate Changes. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6502.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kudnig, S.T.; Séguin, B. Veterinary Surgical Oncology; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,.: West Sussex, UK, 2012; ISBN 9781118729038.

An edited book

Interventions in Learning Disabilities: A Handbook on Systematic Training Programs for Individuals with Learning Disabilities; Schiff, R., Joshi, R.M., Eds.; Literacy Studies, Perspectives from Cognitive Neurosciences, Linguistics, Psychology and Education; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; Vol. 13; ISBN 9783319312347.

A chapter in an edited book

Carassiti, M.; Antonelli, S.; Panzera, D.; Agrò, F.E. Considerations and Anesthesiologic Complications in Spinal Surgery. In Pitfalls in Cervical Spine Surgery: Avoidance and Management of Complications; Denaro, L., D’Avella, D., Denaro, V., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010; pp. 59–68 ISBN 9783540850182.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Watch Mars Opportunity Complete the First Ever Off-Earth Marathon in This NASA Time-Lapse (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Chemical Assessments: Low Productivity and New Interagency Review Process Limit the Usefulness and Credibility of EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2008;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mirzalou, R. Design and Simulation of an 8-PSK Super Regenerative Receiver with New Phase Detection Technique. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. Lana Del Rey Tops Delayed Billboard Chart. New York Times 2017, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
Abbreviation	Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (online)	2414-6366
Scope