How to format your references using the Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Metcalfe, D.B. Climate Science: A Sink down Under. Nature 2014, 509, 566–567.

A journal article with 2 authors

Insel, T.R.; Landis, S. Allison Doupe (1954-2014). Nature 2014, 515, 344.

A journal article with 3 authors

Osawa, M.; Anderson, D.E.; Erickson, H.P. Reconstitution of Contractile FtsZ Rings in Liposomes. Science 2008, 320, 792–794.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Matzke-Karasz, R.; Smith, R.J.; Symonova, R.; Miller, C.G.; Tafforeau, P. Sexual Intercourse Involving Giant Sperm in Cretaceous Ostracode. Science 2009, 324, 1535.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hansen, S.; Pedersen-Bjergaard, S.; Rasmussen, K. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemical Analysis; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2011; ISBN 9781119953647.

An edited book

Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots: First International Conference, SIMPAR 2008 Venice, Italy, November 3-6, 2008. Proceedings; Carpin, S., Noda, I., Pagello, E., Reggiani, M., Stryk, O. von, Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; Vol. 5325; ISBN 9783540890751.

A chapter in an edited book

Tazreiter, C.; Weber, L.; Pickering, S.; Segrave, M.; McKernan, H. Samoan-Born New Zealanders as Trans-Tasman Denizens. In Fluid Security in the Asia Pacific: Transnational Lives, Human Rights and State Control; Weber, L., Pickering, S., Segrave, M., McKernan, H., Eds.; Palgrave Macmillan UK: London, 2016; pp. 77–102 ISBN 9781137465955.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Are We Sleep-Deprived Or Just Darkness-Deprived? Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/are-we-sleep-deprived-or-just-darkness-deprived/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Indian Education in the Public School System Needs More Direction from the Congress; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1977;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mavromati, A. One Foot In. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. Setting a New Standard for a Long-Beleaguered Franchise. New York Times 2010, D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
Abbreviation	Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (online)	2414-6366
Scope