How to format your references using the Tropical Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tropical Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

O’Brien JL. Optical quantum computing. Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1567–70.

A journal article with 2 authors

Catterall WA, Scott JD. Retrospective. Edwin G. Krebs (1918-2009). Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):537.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L, Solozhenko VL. Comment on “Synthesis of ultra-incompressible superhard rhenium diboride at ambient pressure.” Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1550; author reply 1550.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kemp AIS, Hawkesworth CJ, Foster GL, Paterson BA, Woodhead JD, Hergt JM, et al. Magmatic and crustal differentiation history of granitic rocks from Hf-O isotopes in zircon. Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):980–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Free ML. CBT and Christianity. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Simon A, editor. Value-Range Analysis of C Programs: Towards Proving the Absence of Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities. London: Springer; 2008. XXII, 302 p. 119 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Valero MA. Fascioliasis. In: Bruschi F, editor. Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health. Vienna: Springer; 2014. p. 93–122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tropical Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Revolutionize the Search for Other Worlds [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-revolutionize-search-other-worlds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Data Center Consolidation: Strengthened Oversight Needed to Achieve Billions of Dollars in Savings. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 May. Report No.: GAO-13-627T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miller RJ. An Investigation Examining the Perceived Implications of Principal Leadership Changing A Large Comprehensive High School into Smaller Learning Communities [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. A Raid on Men’s Closets. New York Times. 2010 Jun 24;E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Tropical Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Trop. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0250-636X
Scope	General Medicine