How to format your references using the Tropical Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tropical Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Paterlini M. Anthropology: The Iceman defrosted. Nature. 2011 Mar 3;471(7336):34–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hetzel R, Hampel A. Slip rate variations on normal faults during glacial-interglacial changes in surface loads. Nature. 2005 May 5;435(7038):81–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chang P, Jacobson MK, Mitchison TJ. Poly(ADP-ribose) is required for spindle assembly and structure. Nature. 2004 Dec 2;432(7017):645–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Boyman O, Kovar M, Rubinstein MP, Surh CD, Sprent J. Selective stimulation of T cell subsets with antibody-cytokine immune complexes. Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1924–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Haas TC. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecosystem Managers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Negoita MG, Reusch B, editors. Real World Applications of Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. XVI, 296 p. (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing; vol. 179).

A chapter in an edited book

Munoz D, Bagnell JA, Hebert M. Stacked Hierarchical Labeling. In: Daniilidis K, Maragos P, Paragios N, editors. Computer Vision – ECCV 2010: 11th European Conference on Computer Vision, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, September 5-11, 2010, Proceedings, Part VI. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 57–70. (Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J, Kleinberg JM, Mattern F, Mitchell JC, et al., editors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tropical Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Scientists Have Figured Out What Caused The “Alien Radio Signal” Coming From A Distant Exoplanet [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/alien-radio-signal-distant-exoplanet-caused-planet-wide-lightning-storm/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Review of Pension and Fringe Benefits for Contractors’ Employees at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Sep. Report No.: HRD-81-142.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Leonard JM. The Effect of Manufacturing Establishments on Local Area per Capita Personal Income in the U.S. 1967-1990 [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2001.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR N. No Dancer Escapes His Gaze. New York Times. 2017 Jul 17;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Tropical Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Trop. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0250-636X
Scope	General Medicine