How to format your references using the Tropical Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tropical Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Waters AP. Parasitology. Guilty until proven otherwise. Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1487–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rubenstein DR, Lovette IJ. Reproductive skew and selection on female ornamentation in social species. Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):786–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Melis AP, Hare B, Tomasello M. Chimpanzees recruit the best collaborators. Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1297–300.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li K, Wang W, Ge M, Li J, Wang D. Optical properties of secondary organic aerosols generated by photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Sci Rep. 2014 May 12;4:4922.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson D. TKO Sales! Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Stange C, editor. Carotenoids in Nature: Biosynthesis, Regulation and Function. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. VIII, 457 p. 47 illus., 22 illus. in color. (Subcellular Biochemistry; vol. 79).

A chapter in an edited book

González-Candelas L, Alamar S, Ballester AR, Sánchez-Torres P, Forment J, Gadea J, et al. Global Regulation of Genes in Citrus Fruit in Response to the Postharvest Pathogen Penicillium digitatum. In: Prusky D, Gullino ML, editors. Postharvest Pathology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 57–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tropical Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Ant-Nest Beetles Reveal Evolution In Action [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ant-nest-beetles-reveal-evolution-action/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Financial Management: Assessment of the Airline Industry’s Estimated Losses Arising From the Events of September 11. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Oct. Report No.: GAO-02-133R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wright MW. The Louisiana Teacher Assault Pay Statute: An Analysis of Court Decisions Interpreting the Statute and a Comparative Study of Teacher Assault Pay Statutes in Other States [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. With O’Connor Retirement and a New Chief Justice Comes an Awareness of Change. New York Times. 2006 Jan 28;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Tropical Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Trop. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0250-636X
Scope	General Medicine