How to format your references using the Trials in Vaccinology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trials in Vaccinology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A.D. Maynard, Don’t define nanomaterials, Nature. 475 (2011) 31.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

T.T. Macdonald, G. Monteleone, Immunity, inflammation, and allergy in the gut, Science. 307 (2005) 1920–1925.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

F.J. LaRiviere, A.D. Wolfson, O.C. Uhlenbeck, Uniform binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to elongation factor Tu by thermodynamic compensation, Science. 294 (2001) 165–168.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

L. Liang, J. Zhang, Y. Zhou, J. Xie, X. Zhang, M. Guan, B. Pan, Y. Xie, High-performance flexible electrochromic device based on facile semiconductor-to-metal transition realized by WO3·2H2O ultrathin nanosheets, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1936.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Tunley, A. Whittaker, J. Gee, M. Button, The Accredited Counter Fraud Specialist Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

T. Jiang, J.-Y. Hwang, G.R.F. Alvear F., O. Yücel, X. Mao, H.Y. Sohn, N. Ma, P.J. Mackey, T.P. Battle, eds., 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.A. Helsen, Y. Missirlis, Zirconium and Other Newcomers, in: Y. Missirlis (Ed.), Biomaterials: A Tantalus Experience, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010: pp. 99–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trials in Vaccinology.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, Unusual Artwork Showing Mongoose On A Leash Revealed In Ancient Egyptian Tomb, IFLScience. (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/unusual-artwork-showing-mongoose-on-a-leash-revealed-in-ancient-egyptian-tomb/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Follow-up Review on Assistance to War Victims in Vietnam, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. White, Support group for family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J.C. McKINLEY Jr, Second Jury Provides Closure to First Jury, New York Times. (2017) A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Trials in Vaccinology
ISSN (print)	1879-4378
Scope