How to format your references using the Trends in Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trends in Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tippmann, S. (2015) Programming tools: Adventures with R. Nature 517, 109–110

A journal article with 2 authors

Sriver, R.L. and Huber, M. (2007) Observational evidence for an ocean heat pump induced by tropical cyclones. Nature 447, 577–580

A journal article with 3 authors

Bannani, A. et al. (2007) Ballistic electron microscopy of individual molecules. Science 315, 1824–1828

A journal article with 3 or more authors

Sam, M. et al. (2001) Neuropharmacology. Odorants may arouse instinctive behaviours. Nature 412, 142

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kääriäinen, T. et al. (2013) Atomic Layer Deposition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lambris, J.D. and Hajishengallis, G., eds. (2012) Current Topics in Innate Immunity II, ((1st edn) ), 946, Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Nakagawa, H. (2011) Quality Control of Cultured Fish by Feed Supplements. In Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions: Proceedings of the 13th French-Japanese Oceanography Symposium (Ceccaldi, H.-J. et al., eds), pp. 31–34, Springer Netherlands

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trends in Immunology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015) Tobacco Kills Two Out of Three Smokers. IFLScience. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/tobacco-kills-two-out-three-smokers/. [Accessed: 30-Oct-2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) Weather Forecasting: National Weather Service Is Planning to Improve Service and Gain Efficiency, but Impacts of Potential Changes Are Not Yet Known, U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Himschoot, A.R. (2012) Student perception of relevance of biology content to everyday life: A study in higher education biology courses. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Southall, A. (2016) Makeover Set for Police Building at Heart of a Sleeker Times SqNew York Times, A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Trends in Immunology
Abbreviation	Trends Immunol.
ISSN (print)	1471-4906
ISSN (online)	1471-4981
Scope	Immunology Immunology and Allergy

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