How to format your references using the Trees citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trees. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stirling A (2010) Keep it complex. Nature 468:1029–1031

A journal article with 2 authors

Nusbaum MP, Beenhakker MP (2002) A small-systems approach to motor pattern generation. Nature 417:343–350

A journal article with 3 authors

Morris RJ, Lewis OT, Godfray HCJ (2004) Experimental evidence for apparent competition in a tropical forest food web. Nature 428:310–313

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ernstorfer R, Harb M, Hebeisen CT, et al (2009) The formation of warm dense matter: experimental evidence for electronic bond hardening in gold. Science 323:1033–1037

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burk F (1997) Lebesgue Measure and Integration. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Karasavvoglou A, Aranđelović Z, Marinković S, Polychronidou P (eds) (2016) The First Decade of Living with the Global Crisis: Economic and Social Developments in the Balkans and Eastern Europe, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Rehm G, Uszkoreit H (2012) Meta-Net. In: Rehm G, Uszkoreit H (eds) The Finnish Language in the Digital Age. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 35–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trees.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) Humans Are Wired For Prejudice But That Doesn’t Have To Be The End Of The Story. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Aviation Security: Efforts to Validate TSA’s Passenger Screening Behavior Detection Program Underway, but Opportunities Exist to Strengthen Validation and Address Operational Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wen J (2012) Moving office document processing into the cloud. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwirtz M, Mueller B (2017) Inmate at Rikers Is Missing After Eluding Several Guards. New York Times A25

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stirling 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Nusbaum and Beenhakker 2002; Stirling 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nusbaum and Beenhakker 2002)
Three or more authors: (Ernstorfer et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Trees
Abbreviation	Trees (Berl. West)
ISSN (print)	0931-1890
ISSN (online)	1432-2285
Scope	Forestry Plant Science Physiology Ecology