How to format your references using the Trees citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trees. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cyranoski D (2003) Critics slam treatment for SARS as ineffective and perhaps dangerous. Nature 423:4

A journal article with 2 authors

Patel S, Cone RD (2015) Neuroscience: a cellular basis for the munchies. Nature 519:38–40

A journal article with 3 authors

Debayle E, Kennett B, Priestley K (2005) Global azimuthal seismic anisotropy and the unique plate-motion deformation of Australia. Nature 433:509–512

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rao P, Hayden MS, Long M, et al (2010) IkappaBbeta acts to inhibit and activate gene expression during the inflammatory response. Nature 466:1115–1119

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barnes P, Davies M (2009) Sub-Contracting under the JCT 2005 Forms. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Agutter PS (2007) About Life: Concepts in Modern Biology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Huang Y-K (2008) The Study of Customer Segmentation Examined by Catastrophe Model. In: Oya M, Uda R, Yasunobu C (eds) Towards Sustainable Society on Ubiquitous Networks: The 8th IFIP Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society (I3E 2008), September 24–16, 2008, Tokyo, Japan. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 37–48

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trees.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Our Solar System Is Surrounded by Supernovae Debris. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/surrounded-supernovae-debris-edited-kh/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) Implementation of the Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Desai SS (2013) CFD simuation of flow past a rotating circular cylinder with an end plate. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus S (2016) Leaving Carrie Behind. New York Times AR1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cyranoski 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Cyranoski 2003; Patel and Cone 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Patel and Cone 2015)
Three or more authors: (Rao et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Trees
Abbreviation	Trees (Berl. West)
ISSN (print)	0931-1890
ISSN (online)	1432-2285
Scope	Forestry Plant Science Physiology Ecology