How to format your references using the Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gophna, U.: Microbiology. The guts of dietary habits. Science. 334, 45–46 (2011)

A journal article with 2 authors

Starr, D.A., Han, M.: Role of ANC-1 in tethering nuclei to the actin cytoskeleton. Science. 298, 406–409 (2002)

A journal article with 3 authors

Ide, S., Baltay, A., Beroza, G.C.: Shallow dynamic overshoot and energetic deep rupture in the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Science. 332, 1426–1429 (2011)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, W., Thornton, K., Berry, A., Long, M.: Nucleotide variation along the Drosophila melanogaster fourth chromosome. Science. 295, 134–137 (2002)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mory, M.: Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA (2013)

An edited book

Goubin, L., Matsui, M. eds: Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems - CHES 2006: 8th International Workshop, Yokohama, Japan, October 10-13, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2006)

A chapter in an edited book

Sharma, R., Goyal, V.: Name Entity Recognition Systems for Hindi Using CRF Approach. In: Singh, C., Singh Lehal, G., Sengupta, J., Sharma, D.V., and Goyal, V. (eds.) Information Systems for Indian Languages: International Conference, ICISIL 2011, Patiala, India, March 9-11, 2011. Proceedings. pp. 31–35. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology.

Blog post

Luntz, S.: New Evidence Suggests Tyrannosaurus Rex Was A Cannibal

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: OFPP Followup to Federal Supply Schedule Recommendations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2003)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Best, W.: Beneath the Silence, (2009)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J.: Rally, and a Favorable Schedule, Lift the Mets’ Hopes, (2016)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology
ISSN (print)	2196-7202
ISSN (online)	2196-7210
Scope