How to format your references using the Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Squires, J.E.: Artificial blood. Science. 295, 1002–1005 (2002)

A journal article with 2 authors

Skotheim, J.M., Mahadevan, L.: Physical limits and design principles for plant and fungal movements. Science. 308, 1308–1310 (2005)

A journal article with 3 authors

Ezawa, M., Tanaka, Y., Nagaosa, N.: Topological phase transition without gap closing. Sci. Rep. 3, 2790 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Maria, S.F., Russell, L.M., Gilles, M.K., Myneni, S.C.B.: Organic aerosol growth mechanisms and their climate-forcing implications. Science. 306, 1921–1924 (2004)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ananthakrishnan, A.N., Xavier, R.J., Podolsky, D.K.: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2017)

An edited book

Polaina, J., MacCabe, A.P. eds: Industrial Enzymes: Structure, Function and Applications. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2007)

A chapter in an edited book

Brown, M., Chung, K.C.: Setting Priorities: The Timing and Indications for Rheumatoid Surgical Procedures. In: Chung, K.C. (ed.) Clinical Management of the Rheumatoid Hand, Wrist, and Elbow. pp. 31–41. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Molten Aluminum Makes Casts of Ant Nest, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/molten-aluminum-makes-casts-ant-nest/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Drug Abuse: Research on Treatment May Not Address Current Needs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1990)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Li, X.: Two essays on “mining market basket data: Models and applications in marketing,” (2008)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S.: Russian Lawmakers Advance Counterterrorism Measures, (2004)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology
ISSN (print)	2196-7202
ISSN (online)	2196-7210
Scope