How to format your references using the Toxicological Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicological Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bartels-Rausch, T. (2013) Chemistry: Ten things we need to know about ice and snow. Nature, 494, 27–29.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nanus, D.M. and Giannakakou, P. (2015) CANCER. Cancer therapies that are gone with the Wnt. Science, 349, 1283–1284.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gneezy, U. et al. (2014) Behavioral economics. Avoiding overhead aversion in charity. Science, 346, 632–635.

A journal article with 3 or more authors

Anderegg, W.R.L. et al. (2018) Hydraulic diversity of forests regulates ecosystem resilience during drought. Nature, 561, 538–541.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

El-Haik, B. and Roy, D.M. (2005) Service Design for Six Sigma John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Cooper, K. and White, R.E. eds. (2012) Qualitative Research in the Post-Modern Era: Contexts of Qualitative Research Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Popper, A.N. et al. (2014) Classification of Fishes and Sea Turtles with Respect to Sound Exposure Risk. In, Hawkins,A.D. et al. (eds), ASA S3/SC1.4 TR-2014 Sound Exposure Guidelines for Fishes and Sea Turtles: A Technical Report prepared by ANSI-Accredited Standards Committee S3/SC1 and registered with ANSI, SpringerBriefs in Oceanography. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 15–16.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicological Sciences.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2015) Lucky Photographer Captures Epic Battle Between Sea Snake And Stonefish. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Early Childhood Programs: Multiple Programs and Overlapping Target Groups U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arnold, J.M. (2009) Accountability in British Columbia: A case study connecting policy and practice.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2006) 911 Call Is Held as Evidence If Victim Cannot Testify. New York Times, A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bartels-Rausch, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Bartels-Rausch, 2013; Nanus and Giannakakou, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nanus and Giannakakou, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Anderegg et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicological Sciences
Abbreviation	Toxicol. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1096-6080
ISSN (online)	1096-0929
Scope	Toxicology