How to format your references using the Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DEMARCO, B. (2010), Physics. An atomic view of quantum phase transitions. Science (New York, N.Y.) 329, pp. 523–524.

A journal article with 2 authors

HUANG, A.S. & C.Y.H. TAN (2010), Science and society. Achieving scientific eminence within Asia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 329, pp. 1471–1472.

A journal article with 3 authors

CAI, L., C.K. DALAL & M.B. ELOWITZ (2008), Frequency-modulated nuclear localization bursts coordinate gene regulation. Nature 455, pp. 485–490.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

WANG, N., H. CHEN, H. HE, W. NORIMATSU, M. KUSUNOKI & K. KOUMOTO (2013), Enhanced thermoelectric performance of Nb-doped SrTiO3 by nano-inclusion with low thermal conductivity. Scientific reports 3, p. 3449.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

KRIEGEL, J. (2016), Unfairly Labeled. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

KIM, H.K., S.-I. AO & B.B. RIEGER, eds. (2013), 170 IAENG Transactions on Engineering Technologies: Special Edition of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2011. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

CASTEGREN, E., J. ÖSTLUND & T. WRIGSTAD (2015), Refined Ownership: In: M. Bernardo and E. B. Johnsen, eds., Formal Methods for Multicore Programming: 15th International School on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, Communication, and Software Systems, SFM 2015, Bertinoro, Italy, June 15-19, 2015, Advanced Lectures. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp. 179–210. Springer International Publishing: Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie.

Blog post

FANG, J. (2015), Here’s How Scarce Wild Prey Must Be Before Big Cats Kill Livestock. IFLScience. Available at: <https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/heres-how-scarce-wild-prey-must-be-big-cats-kill-livestock/>. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE (1996), Supercomputers. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

HEATLIE, J.M. (2015), Effects of Simulation on Senior Nursing Students’ Patient Safety Competence: A Quantitative Study. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

KENIGSBERG, B. (2016), Review: ‘Hogtown’ Tells a Poetic Detective Story in Chicago. New York Times p. C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (DeMarco 2010).
This sentence cites two references (DeMarco 2010; Huang & Tan 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Huang & Tan 2010)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie
Abbreviation	Tijdschr. Econ. Soc. Geogr.
ISSN (online)	1467-9663
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Geography, Planning and Development