How to format your references using the Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

MOORE, P.D. (2001), A never-ending story. Nature 409, p. 565.

A journal article with 2 authors

MITTAL, S. & M. HAFEZI (2015), Materials science: Round the bend with microwaves. Nature 522, pp. 292–293.

A journal article with 3 authors

SCHUMACHER, M.A., B.K. HURLBURT & R.G. BRENNAN (2001), Crystal structures of SarA, a pleiotropic regulator of virulence genes in S. aureus. Nature 409, pp. 215–219.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

TANAKA, M., P. CHIEN, N. NABER, R. COOKE & J.S. WEISSMAN (2004), Conformational variations in an infectious protein determine prion strain differences. Nature 428, pp. 323–328.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

SAMARA, T. (2015), ERP and Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

KIM, K.C., ed. (2014), Robotics in General Surgery. Springer: New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

HSIAO, C.-C., C.-C. CHUANG & S.-F. SU (2014), Robust Gaussian Kernel Based Approach for Feature Selection. In: Y. S. Kim, Y. J. Ryoo, M.-S. Jang, and Y.-C. Bae, eds., Advanced Intelligent Systems. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. pp. 25–33. Springer International Publishing: Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. (2015), After The Supermoon, Comes The Supertide. IFLScience. Available at: <https://www.iflscience.com/environment/after-supermoon-comes-supertide/>. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE (1988), Space Operations: Testing of NASA’s Technical and Management Information System. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

HUDSON, W.C. (2008), Spreading the dao, managing mastership, and performing salvation: The life and alchemical teachings of Chen Zhixu. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

PONIEWOZIK, J. (2017), A Hero’s Journey Is a Real Head Trip. New York Times p. C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moore 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Mittal & Hafezi 2015; Moore 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mittal & Hafezi 2015)
Three or more authors: (Tanaka et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie
Abbreviation	Tijdschr. Econ. Soc. Geogr.
ISSN (online)	1467-9663
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Geography, Planning and Development