How to format your references using the Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lüthi M. Geophysics. Gauging Greenland’s subglacial water. Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):721–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Heyward AJ, Negri AP. Turbulence, cleavage, and the naked embryo: a case for coral clones. Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1064.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cortright RD, Davda RR, Dumesic JA. Hydrogen from catalytic reforming of biomass-derived hydrocarbons in liquid water. Nature. 2002 Aug 29;418(6901):964–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Poillet-Perez L, Xie X, Zhan L, Yang Y, Sharp DW, Hu ZS, et al. Autophagy maintains tumour growth through circulating arginine. Nature. 2018 Nov;563(7732):569–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Subramanian MN. Polymer Blends and Composites. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Yonenobu K, Nakamura K, Toyama Y, editors. OPLL: Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament. 2nd Edition. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2006. XVIII, 305 p. 280 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Costa SO, Nedjah N, de Macedo Mourelle L. Automatic Modeling of Fuzzy Systems Using Particle Swarm Optimization. In: Rutkowski L, Scherer R, Tadeusiewicz R, Zadeh LA, Zurada JM, editors. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: 10th International Conference, ICAISC 2010, Zakopane, Poland, June 13-17, 2010, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 35–42. (Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J, Kleinberg JM, Mattern F, Mitchell JC, et al., editors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Three Steps To Save Britain’s Butterflies. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/three-steps-save-britain-s-butterflies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Procedures To Recover Defaulted Loans Under the Guaranteed Student Loan Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 Feb. Report No.: B-117604(7).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Freeman J. The Loudest Room [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Bruce Finds His Swing by Studying the Stats. New York Times. 2017 Mar 21;B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
Abbreviation	Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen.
ISSN (print)	0029-2001
ISSN (online)	0807-7096
Scope	General Medicine