How to format your references using the Thorax citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Thorax. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adam D. Plastics that conduct win inventors chemistry prize. Nature. 2000;407:662.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lafuerza LF, Toral R. On the effect of heterogeneity in stochastic interacting-particle systems. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1189.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hastings MG, Jarvis JC, Steig EJ. Anthropogenic impacts on nitrogen isotopes of ice-core nitrate. Science. 2009;324:1288.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ménétrey J, Bahloul A, Wells AL, et al. The structure of the myosin VI motor reveals the mechanism of directionality reversal. Nature. 2005;435:779–85.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonald T, Feuillet M. Network Performance Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2011.

An edited book

Grote U, Basu AK, Chau NH, editors. New Frontiers in Environmental and Social Labeling. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Alpay Ş, Orhon M. Characterization of Riesz Spaces with Topologically Full Center. In: de Jeu M, de Pagter B, van Gaans O, et al., eds. Ordered Structures and Applications: Positivity VII (Zaanen Centennial Conference), 22-26 July 2013, Leiden, the Netherlands. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016:35–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Thorax.

Blog post

Andrews R. Here Are 80 Falcons Enjoying Their Plane Journey. IFLScience. 2017. (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Taxpayer Information: Data Sharing and Analysis May Enhance Tax Compliance and Improve Immigration Eligibility Decisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Siani JM. Costs and benefits of cooperative infant care in wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. A Slice of Virtue. New York Times. 2011;NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Thorax
Abbreviation	Thorax
ISSN (print)	0040-6376
ISSN (online)	1468-3296
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine