How to format your references using the Theriogenology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theriogenology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gasse F. Paleoclimate. Kilimanjaro’s secrets revealed. Science 2002;298:548–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Plous S, Herzog H. Animal research. Reliability of protocol reviews for animal research. Science 2001;293:608–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Keizer K, Lindenberg S, Steg L. The spreading of disorder. Science 2008;322:1681–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Larsson J, Fransson C, Ostlin G, Gröningsson P, Jerkstrand A, Kozma C, et al. X-ray illumination of the ejecta of supernova 1987A. Nature 2011;474:484–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Groves E. The Constant Contact Guide to Email Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

[1]

Kreiss G, Lötstedt P, Målqvist A, Neytcheva M, editors. Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications 2009: Proceedings of ENUMATH 2009, the 8th European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications, Uppsala, July 2009. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Heshmati A, Abolhosseini S, Altmann J. Regulatory Frameworks for Renewable Energy Sources. In: Abolhosseini S, Altmann J, editors. The Development of Renewable Energy Sources and its Significance for the Environment, Singapore: Springer; 2015, p. 65–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theriogenology.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Tricky Take-Offs Kept Pterosaurs From Getting Too Big. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology Management: Social Security Administration Practices Can Be Improved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mayfield KM. Project managers’ experience and description of decision uncertainty associated with the agile software development methodology: A phenomenological study. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. Suozzi Offers Plan to Shore Up Aviation Museum. New York Times 2006:14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Theriogenology
Abbreviation	Theriogenology
ISSN (print)	0093-691X
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Equine Food Animals Small Animals