How to format your references using the The Ulster Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Ulster Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cunningham T. Graduate journal: show us the money! Nature. 2004 Jun 24;429(6994):906.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shepherd A, Wingham D. Recent sea-level contributions of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1529–32.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tahir M, Sabeeh K, Schwingenschlögl U. Quantum capacitance of an ultrathin topological insulator film in a magnetic field. Sci Rep. 2013 Feb 12;3:1261.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sullivan RM, Landers M, Yeaman B, Wilson DA. Good memories of bad events in infancy. Nature. 2000 Sep 7;407(6800):38–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stenholm S, Suominen KA. Quantum Approach to Informatics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Glesner M, Reis R, Indrusiak L, Mooney V, Eveking H, editors. VLSI-SOC: From Systems to Chips: IFIP TC 10/ WG 10.5 Twelfth International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration of System on Chip (VLSI-SoC 2003), December 1–3, 2003, Darmstadt, Germany. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2006. X, 314 p. 160 illus. (IFIP International Federation for Information Processing; vol. 200).

A chapter in an edited book

Kumar S, Managi S. Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and the Environment. In: Kumar S, editor. The Economics of Sustainable Development: The Case of India. New York, NY: Springer US; 2009. p. 65–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Ulster Medical Journal.

Blog post

Luntz S. Smoking During Pregnancy Could Affect Your Grandchildren’s Growth [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/smoking-during-pregnancy-could-affect-your-grandchildrens-growth/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Global Positioning System: Production Should Be Limited Until Receiver Reliability Problems Are Resolved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Mar. Report No.: NSIAD-91-74.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aparicio EM. Examining Latina/o STEM degree aspirations [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. F.Y.I. New York Times. 1995 Jan 29;132.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Ulster Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0041-6193
Scope