How to format your references using the The Ulster Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Ulster Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Komarova NL. Cancer: A moving target. Nature. 2015 Sep 10;525(7568):198–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Losos JB, Pringle RM. Competition, predation and natural selection in island lizards. Nature. 2011 Jul 13;475(7355):E1-2; discussion E3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ferain I, Colinge CA, Colinge JP. Multigate transistors as the future of classical metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Nature. 2011 Nov 16;479(7373):310–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kodama S, Kühtreiber W, Fujimura S, Dale EA, Faustman DL. Islet regeneration during the reversal of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1223–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Scanlan EA. Fundraising Consultants. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Barthe G, Datta A, Etalle S, editors. Formal Aspects of Security and Trust: 8th International Workshop, FAST 2011, Leuven, Belgium, September 12-14, 2011. Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. X, 279 p. 51 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 7140).

A chapter in an edited book

Druguet E, Rahimi A, Carreras J, Castaño LM, Sánchez-Sorribes I. The Geoheritage of Kerdous Inlier (Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco): Pages of Earth History in an Outstanding Landscape. In: Errami E, Brocx M, Semeniuk V, editors. From Geoheritage to Geoparks: Case Studies from Africa and Beyond. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 81–90. (Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Ulster Medical Journal.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Swine Flu Doesn’t Just Pass From Pigs To People – It Goes Both Ways [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/swine-flu-doesnt-just-pass-from-pigs-to-people-it-goes-both-ways/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. High Risk: Actions Needed to Address Serious Weaknesses in Federal Management of Programs Serving Indian Tribes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017 May. Report No.: GAO-17-589T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Myers RE. Moderating the effectiveness of messages to promote physical activity in type 2 diabetes [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Springer’s Harvest. New York Times. 1998 Apr 27;D10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Ulster Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0041-6193
Scope