How to format your references using the The Ulster Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Ulster Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cully M. Drug development: Chemical brace. Nature. 2013 Nov 14;503(7475):S10-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rodell CB, Burdick JA. Materials science: Radicals promote magnetic gel assembly. Nature. 2014 Oct 30;514(7524):574–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kartal B, Kuenen JG, van Loosdrecht MCM. Engineering. Sewage treatment with anammox. Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):702–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gigliobianco T, Gangolf M, Lakaye B, Pirson B, von Ballmoos C, Wins P, et al. An alternative role of FoF1-ATP synthase in Escherichia coli: synthesis of thiamine triphosphate. Sci Rep. 2013 Jan 15;3:1071.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eynon J. The Design Manager’s Handbook. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.

An edited book

Mancuso S, editor. Measuring Roots: An Updated Approach. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. XIV, 382 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Weiss SM, Indurkhya N, Zhang T. Information Retrieval and Text Mining. In: Indurkhya N, Zhang T, editors. Fundamentals of Predictive Text Mining. London: Springer; 2015. p. 81–96. (Texts in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Ulster Medical Journal.

Blog post

Evans K. EPA Finds 97% Of Endangered Species In US Threatened By Two Common Pesticides. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Operations of and Outlook for the Transportation Trust Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 May. Report No.: T-RCED-90-78.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kutash M. The Relationship Between Nurses’ Emotional Intelligence and Patient Outcomes [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Hank’s Long Suffering. New York Times. 2016 Dec 15;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Ulster Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0041-6193
Scope