How to format your references using the The Physician and Sportsmedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Physician and Sportsmedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zhang R. Atmospheric science. Getting to the critical nucleus of aerosol formation. Science. 2010;328(5984):1366-1367.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liu J, Diamond J. Science and government. Revolutionizing China’s environmental protection. Science. 2008;319(5859):37-38.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bottke WF, Vokrouhlický D, Nesvorný D. An asteroid breakup 160 Myr ago as the probable source of the K/T impactor. Nature. 2007;449(7158):48-53.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bernard A, Lécuyer C, Vincent P, et al. Regulation of body temperature by some Mesozoic marine reptiles. Science. 2010;328(5984):1379-1382.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vogel W, Kalb H. Large-Scale Solar Thermal Power. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

Brian É. The Descent of Human Sex Ratio at Birth: A Dialogue between Mathematics, Biology and Sociology. Vol 4. (Jaisson M, ed.). Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Mahon JE. Abortion and the Right to Not Be Pregnant. In: Fives A, Breen K, eds. Philosophy and Political Engagement: Reflection in the Public Sphere. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016:57-77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Physician and Sportsmedicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Dads Get Postnatal Depression Too. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP: USDA Farm Service Agencies. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Packer CD. School Referenda and Ohio Department of Education Typologies: An Investigation of the Outcomes of First Attempt School Operating Levies from 2002–2010. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. ‘Fifty Shades’ Album Soars to No. 1. New York Times. February 20, 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Physician and Sportsmedicine
Abbreviation	Phys. Sportsmed.
ISSN (print)	0091-3847
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation