How to format your references using the The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rowlett P. The unplanned impact of mathematics. Nature. 2011 Jul 13;475(7355):166–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Osborn TJ, Briffa KR. Climate. The real color of climate change? Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):621–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

McAlary L, Yerbury JJ, Aquilina JA. Glutathionylation potentiates benign superoxide dismutase 1 variants to the toxic forms associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2013 Nov 20;3:3275.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sucena E, Delon I, Jones I, Payre F, Stern DL. Regulatory evolution of shavenbaby/ovo underlies multiple cases of morphological parallelism. Nature. 2003 Aug 21;424(6951):935–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

El-Rewini H, Abd-El-Barr M. Advanced Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Bunin BA. Chemoinformatics: Theory, Practice, & Products. Siesel B, Morales GA, Bajorath J, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. XII, 296 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Tryfonopoulos C, Idreos S, Koubarakis M, Raftopoulou P. Distributed Large-Scale Information Filtering. In: Hameurlain A, Küng J, Wagner R, editors. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems XIII. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 91–122. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. Sea Sponge Bacteria Pretty Much Produces Industrial Chemicals [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sea-sponge-bacteria-pretty-much-produces-industrial-chemicals/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Infrastructure: Physical Conditions of the Interstate Highway System Have Improved, but Congestion and Other Pressure Continue. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Sep. Report No.: GAO-02-1128T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Al azze Q. Field-Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on DSP Controller [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dwyer KP. Still Searching for Equilibrium In the Work-Life Balancing Act. New York Times. 2005 Dec 4;101.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine
ISSN (print)	1998-037X
ISSN (online)	1817-5562
Scope

Research and Writing Guides