How to format your references using the The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moore P. Photocopiers for DNA. Nature. 2005 May 12;435(7039):237.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brosi BJ, Biber EGN. Conservation. Citizen involvement in the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):802–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhu L, Ploessl K, Kung HF. Chemistry. Expanding the scope of fluorine tags for PET imaging. Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):429–30.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Reznik D, Pintschovius L, Ito M, Iikubo S, Sato M, Goka H, et al. Electron-phonon coupling reflecting dynamic charge inhomogeneity in copper oxide superconductors. Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1170–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stolarski TA, Tobe S. Rolling Contacts. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2000.

An edited book

Boulabiar K, Buskes G, Triki A, editors. Positivity. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2007. VII, 280 p. (Trends in Mathematics).

A chapter in an edited book

Vinel A, Artières T. Maximizing Edit Distance Accuracy with Hidden Conditional Random Fields. In: Wilson R, Hancock E, Bors A, Smith W, editors. Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns: 15th International Conference, CAIP 2013, York, UK, August 27-29, 2013, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 45–53. (Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J, Kleinberg JM, Mattern F, Mitchell JC, et al., editors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Ever Wonder Why Your Poop is Sometimes Green? Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/ever-wonder-why-your-poop-sometimes-green/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: TSA Should Take Additional Action to Obtain Stakeholder Input when Modifying the Prohibited Items List. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Feb. Report No.: GAO-15-261.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sheppard KC. An Examination of School Choice Access, Opportunities, and Academic Outcomes in an Intra-District School Choice Program [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. No Ruling Means No Change For Fantasy Baseball Leagues. New York Times. 2008 Jun 3;D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine
ISSN (print)	1998-037X
ISSN (online)	1817-5562
Scope