How to format your references using the The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buckingham S. Finding your way. Nature. 2003 Sep 11;425(6954):209.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maher K, Chamberlain CP. Hydrologic regulation of chemical weathering and the geologic carbon cycle. Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1502–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Plaks V, Koopman CD, Werb Z. Cancer. Circulating tumor cells. Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1186–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Martiniano R, Coelho C, Ferreira MT, Neves MJ, Pinhasi R, Bradley DG. Genetic evidence of African slavery at the beginning of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug 8;4:5994.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shaw MT. Introduction to Polymer Rheology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Naka K, editor. Biomineralization I: Crystallization and Self-Organization Process. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. XII, 200 p. (Topics in Current Chemistry; vol. 270).

A chapter in an edited book

Pekrun R. Using Self-Report to Assess Emotions in Education. In: Zembylas M, Schutz PA, editors. Methodological Advances in Research on Emotion and Education. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 43–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Can You Solve These 5 Physics Phenomena? Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/can-you-solve-these-5-physics-phenomena/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Guidelines for Survey of the Pricing of Negotiated Noncompetitive DOD Prime Contracts With McDonnell Douglas and Raytheon and NASA Prime Contracts With General Electric. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 May. Report No.: 109290.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gifford SC. (Re)making men, representing the Caribbean nation: Authorial individuation in works by Fred D’aguiar, Robert Antoni, and Marlon James [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hale M. It’s Hard Out There For Mercy Killers. New York Times. 2017 Apr 21;C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine
ISSN (print)	1998-037X
ISSN (online)	1817-5562
Scope