How to format your references using the The Netherlands Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Netherlands Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Machens CK. Neuroscience. Building the human brain. Science. 2012 Nov 30;338(6111):1156–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schwarzman MR, Wilson MP. Science and regulation. New science for chemicals policy. Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1065–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hu DL, Chan B, Bush JWM. The hydrodynamics of water strider locomotion. Nature. 2003 Aug 7;424(6949):663–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Saarela JM, Rai HS, Doyle JA, Endress PK, Mathews S, Marchant AD, et al. Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. Nature. 2007 Mar 15;446(7133):312–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bhaskar K, Varadan Retd. TK. Plates. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Brodt P, editor. Liver Metastasis: Biology and Clinical Management. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. XIV, 446 p. (Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment; vol. 16).

A chapter in an edited book

Chikhaoui B, Wang S, Pigot H. Activity Recognition in Smart Environments: An Information Retrieval Problem. In: Abdulrazak B, Giroux S, Bouchard B, Pigot H, Mokhtari M, editors. Toward Useful Services for Elderly and People with Disabilities: 9th International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics, ICOST 2011, Montreal, Canada, June 20-22, 2011 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 33–40. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Netherlands Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. Major US Institutions Have Tentatively Backed Gene Editing Of Human Embryos [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/major-us-institutions-have-tentatively-backed-gene-editing-of-human-embryos/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Financial Management: Briefing on the Federal Aviation Administration’s Inventory Accountability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Mar. Report No.: AIMD-99-98R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Libman M. A policy analysis of the Penal Code Section 186.20-186.33: California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Updating DNA’s Life Story. New York Times. 2017 Aug 18;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Netherlands Journal of Medicine
Abbreviation	Neth. J. Med.
ISSN (print)	0300-2977
ISSN (online)	1872-9061
Scope	Internal Medicine