How to format your references using the The Medical Journal of Australia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Medical Journal of Australia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

LeBlanc LJ. Atomic physics: Polar exploration. Nature. 2014 Jan 30;505(7485):627–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Farrow T, Vedral V. Scale-estimation of quantum coherent energy transport in multiple-minima systems. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 1;4:5520.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang G, Kennedy MJ, Christie-Blick N. Stable isotopic evidence for methane seeps in Neoproterozoic postglacial cap carbonates. Nature. 2003 Dec 18;426(6968):822–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bradley KA, Mogridge J, Mourez M, Collier RJ, Young JA. Identification of the cellular receptor for anthrax toxin. Nature. 2001 Nov 8;414(6860):225–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonneau D, Fatu A, Souchet D. Thermo-Hydrodynamic Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Verghese K, Lewis H, Fitzpatrick L, editors. Packaging for Sustainability. London: Springer; 2012. XII, 384 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Vadnal K, Košmelj K. Social services as supplementary on-farm activity for mentally disabled people. In: Hassink J, Van Dijk M, editors. FARMING FOR HEALTH. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 57–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Medical Journal of Australia.

Blog post

Carpineti A. New Material Can Turn Light, Heat, And Movement Into Electricity All At Once [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-material-can-turn-light-heat-and-movement-into-electricity-all-at-once/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellites: Information on Program Cost and Schedule Changes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 Sep. Report No.: GAO-04-1054.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mahiko J. Community Connections: Supporting Rural Youth with Disabilities Who Are Work-Bound [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. Diverting, but No Need to Stop the Presses. New York Times. 2016 Oct 21;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Medical Journal of Australia
Abbreviation	Med. J. Aust.
ISSN (print)	0025-729X
ISSN (online)	1326-5377
Scope	General Medicine