How to format your references using the The Lancet Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Lancet Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scott AR. Stem cells: creating a cure-all. Nature 2014; 515: S14-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Benefit BR, McCrossin ML. EVOLUTION. A window into ape evolution. Science 2015; 350: 515–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ball LT, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Gold-catalyzed direct arylation. Science 2012; 337: 1644–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Baughman JM, Perocchi F, Girgis HS, et al. Integrative genomics identifies MCU as an essential component of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Nature 2011; 476: 341–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Performing Effective Pre-startup Safety Reviews. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.

An edited book

Camacho AG, Díaz JI, Fernández J, editors. Earth Sciences and Mathematics: Volume 1. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Nicosevici T, Garcia R. Online Loop Detection. In: Garcia R, ed. Efficient 3D Scene Modeling and Mosaicing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013: 87–125.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Lancet Oncology.

Blog post

Evans K. Planet Earth Has Over 60,000 Species Of Trees, Reveals New Global Database. IFLScience. 2017; published online April 6. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/planet-earth-has-over-60000-species-of-trees-reveals-new-global-database/ (accessed Oct 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Continuing Delays Anticipated for the Advanced Automation System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kelly JC. The fluid evolution of the Mount Mica and Irish Pit pegmatites, Maine: Evidence from stable isotopes. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. With Trump and Press: Much Heat, Little Light. New York Times. 2017; : A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Lancet Oncology
Abbreviation	Lancet Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1470-2045
ISSN (online)	1474-5488
Scope	Oncology