How to format your references using the The Journal of the Economics of Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of the Economics of Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Benner, S.A., 2004. Chemistry. Redesigning genetics. Science 306, 625–626.

A journal article with 2 authors

Armstrong, F.A., Fontecilla-Camps, J.C., 2008. Biochemistry. A natural choice for activating hydrogen. Science 321, 498–499.

A journal article with 3 authors

Charpinet, S., Fontaine, G., Brassard, P., 2009. Seismic evidence for the loss of stellar angular momentum before the white-dwarf stage. Nature 461, 501–503.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ashikari, M., Sakakibara, H., Lin, S., Yamamoto, T., Takashi, T., Nishimura, A., Angeles, E.R., Qian, Q., Kitano, H., Matsuoka, M., 2005. Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science 309, 741–745.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibrahim, M.A., 2011. Disturbance Analysis for Power Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Luo, A.C.J., Sun, J.-Q. (Eds.), 2012. Complex Systems: Fractionality, Time-delay and Synchronization, Nonlinear Physical Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Tanaka, T., Fujii, K., 2015. Describing Global Musical Structures by Integer Programming on Musical Patterns, in: Collins, T., Meredith, D., Volk, A. (Eds.), Mathematics and Computation in Music: 5th International Conference, MCM 2015, London, UK, June 22-25, 2015, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 52–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of the Economics of Ageing.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014. New Breeding Strategy Found: Fully-Formed Froglets Emerge From Bamboo [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Strong Leadership and Effective Partnerships Needed to Mitigate Risks (No. T-AIMD-98-276). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chen, C.-Y., 2010. The analysis of communication problems and language barriers between patients and physicians in California (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G., Kepler, A.W., 2011. Not All Superheroes Are Equal (At Least the Second Time Around). New York Times C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Benner, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Armstrong and Fontecilla-Camps, 2008; Benner, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Armstrong and Fontecilla-Camps, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Ashikari et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of the Economics of Ageing
Abbreviation	J. Econ. Ageing
ISSN (print)	2212-828X
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Life-span and Life-course Studies