How to format your references using the The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lazar MA. Gene regulation. One man’s food. Nature. 2000;407(6806):852-853.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wu H, Siegel RM. Medicine. Progranulin resolves inflammation. Science. 2011;332(6028):427-428.

A journal article with 3 authors

Montoya JM, Pimm SL, Solé RV. Ecological networks and their fragility. Nature. 2006;442(7100):259-264.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Andreotti B, Fourrière A, Ould-Kaddour F, Murray B, Claudin P. Giant aeolian dune size determined by the average depth of the atmospheric boundary layer. Nature. 2009;457(7233):1120-1123.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McLeish B. Successful Marketing Strategies for Nonprofit Organizations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Finkl CW, Makowski C, eds. Seafloor Mapping along Continental Shelves: Research and Techniques for Visualizing Benthic Environments. Vol 13. 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bettinger P, Kim YH. Spatial Optimisation – Computational Methods. In: Gadow K von, Pukkala T, eds. Designing Green Landscapes. Managing Forest Ecosystems. Springer Netherlands; 2008:111-135.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

Blog post

Andrew E. Google Teams Up With Levi’s To Create Wearable Electronics. IFLScience. Published June 1, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/google-teams-levis-create-wearable-electronics/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Amtrak: Management and Accountability Issues Contribute to Unprofitability of Food and Beverage Service. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee S. Data-Driven Computer Vision for Science and the Humanities. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. Tennis Divided by Wild Cards for Sharapova. New York Times. March 9, 2017:B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
Abbreviation	J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0098-6151
ISSN (online)	1945-1997
Scope	Complementary and alternative medicine

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