How to format your references using the The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawrence PA. Last hideout of the unknown? Nature. 2004;429(6989):247.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kodra E, Ganguly AR. Asymmetry of projected increases in extreme temperature distributions. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5884.

A journal article with 3 authors

Indjeian VB, Stern BM, Murray AW. The centromeric protein Sgo1 is required to sense lack of tension on mitotic chromosomes. Science. 2005;307(5706):130-133.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yudushkin IA, Schleifenbaum A, Kinkhabwala A, Neel BG, Schultz C, Bastiaens PIH. Live-cell imaging of enzyme-substrate interaction reveals spatial regulation of PTP1B. Science. 2007;315(5808):115-119.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duggan D. Enterprise Software Architecture and Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Lustig BA, Brody BA, McKenny GP, eds. Altering Nature: Volume One: Concepts of ‘Nature’ and ‘The Natural’ in Biotechnology Debates. Vol 97. Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

López-López EA, Hernández-Gallegos MA, Cornejo-Mazón M, Hernández-Sánchez H. Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles. In: Hernández-Sánchez H, Gutiérrez-López GF, eds. Food Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Food Engineering Series. Springer International Publishing; 2015:59-68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

Blog post

Luntz S. There Are Now Just Five Lao River Dolphins Left. IFLScience. April 14, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/lao-river-dolphin-population-falls-five/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Update of Economic Analysis of Impact Aid Program Reflecting the Educational Amendments of 1974. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ahlert D. Application of Graph Theoretic Clustering on Some Biomedical Data Sets. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. First Comes Love, Then Mortality. New York Times. January 5, 2017:C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
Abbreviation	J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0098-6151
ISSN (online)	1945-1997
Scope	Complementary and alternative medicine