How to format your references using the The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Curl RF. Obituary: Richard E. Smalley (1943-2005). Nature. 2005;438(7071):1094.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ives AR, Carpenter SR. Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science. 2007;317(5834):58-62.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu MH, Wan LZ, Zhang YQ. A novel sodium N-fatty acyl amino acid surfactant using silkworm pupae as stock material. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4428.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kawakami K, Dunn E, Karmali F, Dovidio JF. Mispredicting affective and behavioral responses to racism. Science. 2009;323(5911):276-278.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zheng Y, Xu X, Xu Z, Wang J, Cai H. Metallic Biomaterials. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2017.

An edited book

Fox PF, McSweeney PLH, eds. Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 2 Lipids. Third Edition. Springer US; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Wolf MP, Koons JR. Truth and Pluralism. In: Koons JR, ed. The Normative and the Natural. Springer International Publishing; 2016:105-137.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

Blog post

Hale T. Scientists Find The Cells At The Root Of Balding And Gray Hair. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Update of Economic Analysis of Impact Aid Program Reflecting the Educational Amendments of 1974. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

DeReus DL. The Correlation between Career Anchors and Satisfaction - a Comparative Analysis of Multiple Affiliations under a Single Organizational Structure. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Property Damage but No Injuries in Tornado. New York Times. July 22, 2007:LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
Abbreviation	J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0098-6151
ISSN (online)	1945-1997
Scope	Complementary and alternative medicine