How to format your references using the The Journal of Roman Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Roman Studies (JRS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zhu, Z. 2015: ‘Astrophysics: Growing planet brought to light’, Nature 527, 310–311.

A journal article with 2 authors

O’Brien, S. J., and Murphy, W. J. 2003: ‘Genomics. A dog’s breakfast?’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 301, 1854–1855.

A journal article with 3 authors

Falenty, A., Hansen, T. C., and Kuhs, W. F. 2014: ‘Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate’, Nature 516, 231–233.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Gally, C., Eimer, S., Richmond, J. E., and Bessereau, J.-L. 2004: ‘A transmembrane protein required for acetylcholine receptor clustering in Caenorhabditis elegans’, Nature 431, 578–582.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vander Vorst, A., Rosen, A., and Kotsuka, Y. 2005: RF/Microwave Interaction with Biological Tissues, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ni, P. 2015: Urban Innovation and Upgrading in China Shanty Towns: Changing the Rules of Development, B. Oyeyinka and F. Chen (eds), Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Wu, J.-Z., Ma, H.-Y., and Zhou, M.-D. 2006: ‘Fundamentals of Vorticity Dynamics’, in H.-Y. Ma and M.-D. Zhou (eds), Vorticity and Vortex Dynamics, Berlin, Heidelberg, 131–200.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Roman Studies.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. 2016: ‘Global Warming To Expose More People To Zika-Spreading Mosquito Aedes Aegypti’, IFLScience. Available from <https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/global-warming-to-expose-more-people-to-zika-spreading-mosquito-aedes-aegypti/>. . Accessed30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2004: Data Mining: Federal Efforts Cover a Wide Range of Uses, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McGowan, H. C. 2008: ‘The military experience: Perceptions from senior military officers’ wives’, Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. 2017: ‘Who Says Religion and Science Don’t Mix?’, New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Roman Studies
Abbreviation	J. Rom. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0075-4358
ISSN (online)	1753-528X
Scope	History Archaeology Classics Literature and Literary Theory Visual Arts and Performing Arts