How to format your references using the The Journal of Nuclear Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Belnap J. Microbiology. Some like it hot, some not. Science. 2013;340:1533-1534.

A journal article with 2 authors

Swaddle JP, Biewener AA. Exercise and reduced muscle mass in starlings. Nature. 2000;406:585-586.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li F, Saslow WM, Pokrovsky VL. Phase diagram for magnon condensate in Yttrium Iron Garnet film. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1372.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Braun H, Christl M, Rahmstorf S, et al. Possible solar origin of the 1,470-year glacial climate cycle demonstrated in a coupled model. Nature. 2005;438:208-211.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robinson TR. Genetics for Dummies®. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Wang L, ed. Advances in Transport Phenomena 2011. Vol 3. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Tahirovic A, Magnani G. Some Limitations and Real-Time Implementation. In: Magnani G, ed. Passivity-Based Model Predictive Control for Mobile Vehicle Motion Planning. SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. London: Springer; 2013:41-51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

Blog post

Hamilton K. The Evidence That Shows Dinosaurs Were In Decline For 40 Million Years Before The Asteroid Hit. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security Administration: High-Level Attention Needed to Strengthen Acquisition Function. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mullin Piette AJ. Dialogic encounters among health care providers in pediatric critical care: A qualitative, collective case study. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. Arts, Briefly; New Home for Private Art. New York Times. June 13, 2005:E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Nucl. Med.
ISSN (print)	0161-5505
ISSN (online)	1535-5667
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging