How to format your references using the The Journal of Nuclear Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Coleman P. Superconductivity. On the verge of magnetism. Nature. 2000;406:580-581.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin CR, Baker LA. Materials science. Expanding the molecular electronics toolbox. Science. 2005;309:67-68.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lutz W, Muttarak R, Striessnig E. Environment and development. Universal education is key to enhanced climate adaptation. Science. 2014;346:1061-1062.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yuwen L, Zhang F-L, Chen Q-H, Lin S-J, Zhao Y-L, Li Z-Y. The role of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in bacillamide C biosynthesis by Bacillus atrophaeus C89. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1753.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Johnston D. A Brief History of Justice. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Camarinha-Matos LM, Picard W, eds. Pervasive Collaborative Networks: IFIP TC 5 WG 5.5 Ninth Working Conference on VIRTUAL ENTERPRISES, September 8-10, 2008, Poznan, Poland. Vol 283. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Razzaque MS. FGF23, Klotho and Vitamin D Interactions: In: Kuro-o M, ed. Endocrine FGFs and Klothos. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. New York, NY: Springer US; 2012:84-91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. 500-Million-Year-Old Brains Hint at How Animal Heads Have Evolved. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/500-million-year-old-brain-hints-how-heads-evolved/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2020 Census: Prioritized Information Technology Research and Testing Is Needed for Census Design Decisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Salamah H. Potential barriers to seeking medical care: Does obesity and/or self-esteem result in decreased frequency of necessary medical office visits? 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Oyster Bay Villages Create 2 Emergency Centers. New York Times. February 25, 2007:LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Nucl. Med.
ISSN (print)	0161-5505
ISSN (online)	1535-5667
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging