How to format your references using the The Journal of North African Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of North African Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heeney, Jonathan L. 2015. “Ebola: Hidden Reservoirs.” Nature 527 (7579): 453–455.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wardle, Mark, and Farhad Yusef-Zadeh. 2002. “Supernova Remnant OH Masers: Signposts of Cosmic Collision.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5577): 2350–2354.

A journal article with 3 authors

Duan, L. M., J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller. 2001. “Geometric Manipulation of Trapped Ions for Quantum Computation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 292 (5522): 1695–1697.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Scheel, Olaf, Anselm A. Zdebik, Stéphane Lourdel, and Thomas J. Jentsch. 2005. “Voltage-Dependent Electrogenic Chloride/Proton Exchange by Endosomal CLC Proteins.” Nature 436 (7049): 424–427.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good, Phillip I. 2013. Introduction to Statistics Through Resampling Methods and R. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Szczuka, Marcin, Marzena Kryszkiewicz, Sheela Ramanna, Richard Jensen, and Qinghua Hu, eds. 2010. Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing: 7th International Conference, RSCTC 2010, Warsaw, Poland, June 28-30,2010. Proceedings. Vol. 6086. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kolvekar, Shyam K., and Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos. 2016. “Pectus Carinatum.” In Chest Wall Deformities and Corrective Procedures, edited by Shyam Kolvekar and Hans Pilegaard, 21–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of North African Studies.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2017. “There Are Only 30 Critically Endangered Vaquita Left In The World.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. [Comments on Charging Cellular Telephone Installation to Senate Contingent Fund]. B-227763. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bagley, Christine Renee. 2010. “Pint-Sized Spectacles: American Youth Beauty Queens and the Power(Ful) Dynamic of the Institutionalized Pageant.” Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. 2010. “In the End, Conduct Is What Counts.” New York Times, March 18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heeney 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Heeney 2015; Wardle and Yusef-Zadeh 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wardle and Yusef-Zadeh 2002)
Three authors: (Duan, Cirac, and Zoller 2001)
4 or more authors: (Scheel et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of North African Studies
ISSN (print)	1362-9387
ISSN (online)	1743-9345
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations