How to format your references using the The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rubin MA (2002) Tech.Sight. Understanding disease cell by cell. Science 296: 1329–1330.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fisher B, Costanza R (2005) Environmental policy: regional commitment to reducing emissions. Nature 438: 301–302.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fiorillo CD, Tobler PN, Schultz W (2003) Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons. Science 299: 1898–1902.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Alsos IG, Eidesen PB, Ehrich D, Skrede I, Westergaard K, Jacobsen GH, Landvik JY, Taberlet P, Brochmann C (2007) Frequent long-distance plant colonization in the changing Arctic. Science 316: 1606–1609.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kagan E, Ben-Gal I (2013) Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Tan Y, Shi Y, Chai Y, Wang G (Eds) (2011) Advances in Swarm Intelligence: Second International Conference, ICSI 2011, Chongqing, China, June 12-15, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Rehm G, Uszkoreit H (2012) META-NET. In G Rehm, H Uszkoreit (Eds), The Polish Language in the Digital Age (pp 35–35). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Study Of World’s Oldest People Fails To Find Any “Genetic Secrets” To Living Longer. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/study-worlds-oldest-people-fails-find-any-genetic-secrets-living-longer/ (last accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2017) Maritime Environment: Federal and State Actions, Expenditures, and Challenges to Addressing Abandoned and Derelict Vessels ( No. GAO-17-202). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Payne NA (2010) Adults Who Have Learning Disabilities: Transition from GED to Postsecondary Activities (Doctoral dissertation). Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnard A (2017) U.S. Coalition Munition Use Is Scrutinized In Syria. New York Times A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rubin, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Fisher and Costanza, 2005; Rubin, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fisher and Costanza, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Alsos et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
ISSN (print)	0022-3018
ISSN (online)	1539-736X
Scope