How to format your references using the The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eleftheriades, George V. “Electronics: Protecting the Weak from the Strong.” Nature 505, no. 7484 (January 23, 2014): 490–91.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pitman, Nigel C. A., and Peter M. Jørgensen. “Estimating the Size of the World’s Threatened Flora.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 298, no. 5595 (November 1, 2002): 989.

A journal article with 3 authors

Viculis, Lisa M., Julia J. Mack, and Richard B. Kaner. “A Chemical Route to Carbon Nanoscrolls.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 299, no. 5611 (February 28, 2003): 1361.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Kobayashi, Koichi, Naohiro Inohara, Lorraine D. Hernandez, Jorge E. Galán, Gabriel Núñez, Charles A. Janeway, Ruslan Medzhitov, and Richard A. Flavell. “RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK Mediates Signalling for Receptors of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems.” Nature 416, no. 6877 (March 14, 2002): 194–99.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

He, Zhengyou. Wavelet Analysis and Transient Signal Processing Applications for Power Systems. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, 2016.

An edited book

Zentes, Joachim. Strategic Retail Management: Text and International Cases. Edited by Dirk Morschett and Hanna Schramm-Klein. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Nakamura, S., A. Kimura, M. Ohta, T. Fujii, S. Fukutani, K. Furutaka, S. Goko, et al. “Precise Measurements of Neutron Capture Cross Sections for LLFPs and MAs.” In Nuclear Back-End and Transmutation Technology for Waste Disposal: Beyond the Fukushima Accident, edited by Ken Nakajima, 39–46. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. “Neil DeGrasse Tyson Annihilates Anti-GMO Argument.” IFLScience. IFLScience, August 1, 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Developing a Domestic Common Carrier Telecommunications Policy: What Are the Issues?” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 24, 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Priddy, Jeremy Daniel-John. “As Tufa to Sapphire: Gendering the Roles of Medieval Women in Combat.” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, Linda. “Long Island Weekend: A 48-Hour Treadmill of Activity -- Saturday.” New York Times, November 19, 2006.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
ISSN (print)	1082-9636
ISSN (online)	1527-8263
Scope	General Arts and Humanities Cultural Studies